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Prostate Specific Antigen Normal Level

Positive Psa Score Association With Other Conditions

What Factors Cause An Increase In PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Levels?

The amount of PSA in your blood test may increase with other prostate conditions such prostatitis, enlarged prostate , or within two days after ejaculation.

Rest assured, even though your results may be high, it doesnt necessarily mean you have prostate cancer. Just a greater risk of developing it.

Screening For Prostate Cancer: Are Psa Tests Reliable

In the late 1980s and early 1990s, and Ovarian , who were free of signs and symptoms of the disease The free prostate-specific antigen test, It measures the amount of prostate-specific antigen in a mans blood, Some organizations recomWhat is a normal PSA test result?There is no specific normal or abnormal level of PSA in the blood, PSA screening can help catch the disease at an early stage when treatment may be more effective and potentially have fewer side effects.In recent years, is used to help detect signs of prostate cancer, When the results of two much-anticipated studies were released in 2009, When used in screening, AddHow are researchers trying to improve the PSA test?Scientists are investigating ways to improve the PSA test to give doctors the ability to better distinguish cancerous from benign conditions an

When Is A Psa Test Needed

If you are age 50 to 74, you should discuss the PSA test with your doctor. Ask about the possible risks and benefits.

Men under 50 or over 75 rarely need a PSA test, unless they have a high risk for prostate cancer.

  • You are more likely to get prostate cancer if you have a family history of prostate cancer, especially in a close relative such as a parent or sibling.
  • Your risks are higher if your relative got prostate cancer before age 60 or died from it before age 75. These early cancers are more likely to grow faster.
  • If you have these risks, you may want to ask your doctor about getting the PSA test before age 50.

This report is for you to use when talking with your healthcare provider. It is not a substitute for medical advice and treatment. Use of this report is at your own risk.

04/2014

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Noncancerous Prostatic Disease And Urologic Manipulation

The serum PSA level can also be altered by noncancerous prostatic disease and urologic manipulations. Elevation of PSA levels has been demonstrated in acute prostatitis, subclinical or chronic prostatitis, and urinary retention. Nadler et al reported that serum PSA levels higher than 4.0 ng/mL in 148 men with subclinical prostatitis could be attributed to their disease because all these men had negative findings from biopsies repeated on multiple occasions.

No significant change occurs in the PSA level after a digital rectal examination , but a vigorous prostate massage can produce a short-term 2-fold increase. Cystoscopy, urethral catheterization, and transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate do not tend to elevate the PSA level. Needle biopsy of the prostate raises the PSA level by a median of 7.9 ng/mL within 5 minutes after the biopsy, and this level persists for 24 hours.

The time it takes for PSA to return to baseline levels depends on the precipitating event and the half-life . After a biopsy, 2 to 4 weeks may elapse before the PSA returns to its original level. If an infection occurs as a result of the biopsy, the return to baseline levels may take longer. After ejaculation, PSA levels have been reported to return to their original levels within 48 hours, whereas fPSA returns to baseline at 6 hours because of its shorter half-life .

Sites Of Highest Concentrations

PSA prostate levels  all the info you must have

PSA is found primarily in prostate epithelial cells and in the seminal fluid. The exact mechanism by which PSA gains access to the serum is unknown, but a possible mechanism has been suggested.

The lumen of the prostate gland contains the highest concentration of PSA in the body. A number of barriers exist between the glandular lumen and the capillaries, including the basement membrane of the glands, the prostatic stroma, and the capillary endothelial cell. Diseases such as infection, inflammation, and cancer may produce a breakdown in these barriers, allowing more PSA to enter the circulation.

PSA levels can rise dramatically with a prostate infection, but they return to the reference range after the infection has healed. A vigorous prostate massage also can produce a brief elevation of the PSA level.

Low concentrations of PSA have been identified in urethral glands, endometrium, normal breast tissue, breast milk, salivary gland tissue, and the urine of males and females. PSA also is found in the serum of women with breast, lung, or uterine cancer and in some patients with renal cancer.

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Prostatitis: A Common Problem In Men Under 50

“The PSA test is a good screening tool for prostate cancer, but it is not very specific,” says Erik P. Castle, MD, a urologist and researcher at the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona. “Common causes of inflammation in the gland, called prostatitis, can cause high PSA levels.”

Prostatitis is the most common prostate problem for men younger than 50.

Prostatitis caused by bacteria can be treated with antibiotics. Another, more common type of prostatitis, called nonbacterial prostatitis, can be harder to treat and may last a long time.

Medical Procedures Can Cause Psa To Rise

“Anything that traumatically interferes with the architecture around the prostate gland can make PSA go up,” says Dr. Milner. “One of the most common causes of significantly high PSA from this type of trauma is the placing of a catheter into the bladder.”

Another cause is a prostate or bladder exam that involves passing a scope or taking a biopsy.

“Since it takes about two to three days for PSA to go down by half, you should wait two to three weeks after this type of trauma to do a PSA test,” Milner says.

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Proposal Of A New Algorithm In Patients With Elevated And/or Rising Psa Minor Luts Normal Dre And/or Trus And Negative Extended Prostate Biopsies

Patients showing abnormal screening parameters, but with a negative cancer screening result, can be terrified because there is no answer for their abnormal values . For example, Katz showed that men with abnormal values observed during prostate cancer screening, have an increased cancer-related worry and show more problems with sexual function despite their negative biopsy results. Furthermore, we know that medical treatment has no effect on PSA levels or a heterogeneous effect on PSA levels . Concerning 5 reductase inhibitors, Brawer showed the multiply by two rule is not correct.

Factors That Might Affect Psa Levels

16-Year Longitudinal Changes in Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels

One reason its hard to use a set cutoff point with the PSA test when looking for prostate cancer is that a number of factors other than cancer can also affect PSA levels.

Factors that might raise PSA levels include:

  • An enlarged prostate: Conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia, a non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate that affects many men as they grow older, can raise PSA levels.
  • Older age: PSA levels normally go up slowly as you get older, even if you have no prostate abnormality.
  • Prostatitis: This is an infection or inflammation of the prostate gland, which can raise PSA levels.
  • Ejaculation: Thiscan make the PSA go up for a short time. This is why some doctors suggest that men abstain from ejaculation for a day or two before testing.
  • Riding a bicycle: Some studies have suggested that cycling may raise PSA levels for a short time , although not all studies have found this.
  • Certain urologic procedures: Some procedures done in a doctors office that affect the prostate, such as a prostate biopsy or cystoscopy, can raise PSA levels for a short time. Some studies have suggested that a digital rectal exam might raise PSA levels slightly, although other studies have not found this. Still, if both a PSA test and a DRE are being done during a doctor visit, some doctors advise having the blood drawn for the PSA before having the DRE, just in case.
  • Certain medicines: Taking male hormones like testosterone may cause a rise in PSA.

Some things might lower PSA levels :

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Factors That Affect Psa Levels

It is important to note that PSA levels can rise naturally with age, and that a number of benign conditions can also affect PSA levels, such as prostatitis , benign prostatic hyperplasia , urinary tract infection , or even injury to the prostate.

Other factors such as sexual activity right before testing, certain exercises, or even diet can impact the PSA levels as well. It is essential to consult a doctor regarding the meaning and next steps of your PSA testing results.

Interpretation Provides Information To Assist In Interpretation Of The Test Results

When total prostate-specific antigen concentration is below 2.0 ng/mL, the probability of prostate cancer in asymptomatic men is low, further testing and free PSA may provide little additional information. When total PSA concentration is above 10.0 ng/mL, the probability of cancer is high and prostate biopsy is generally recommended.

The total PSA range of 4.0 to 10.0 ng/mL has been described as a diagnostic “gray zone,” in which the free:total PSA ratio helps to determine the relative risk of prostate cancer . Therefore, some urologists recommend using the free:total ratio to help select which men should undergo biopsy. However, even a negative result of prostate biopsy does not rule-out prostate cancer. Up to 20% of men with negative biopsy results have subsequently been found to have cancer.

Based on free:total PSA ratio: the percent probability of finding prostate cancer on a needle biopsy by age in years:

Free:total PSA ratio

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Prostate Cancer Screening Ages 40 To 54

The PSA test is a blood test that measures how much of a particular protein is in your blood. Its been the standardfor prostate cancer screening for 30 years.

Your doctor will consider many factors before suggesting when to startprostate cancer screening. But hell probably start by recommending the PSAtest.

While the general guidelines recommend starting at age 55, you may need PSAscreening between the ages of 40 and 54 if you:

  • Have at least one first-degree relative who has had prostate cancer
  • Have at least two extended family members who have had prostate cancer
  • Are African-American, an ethnicity that has a higher risk of developing more aggressive cancers

Reasons For Low Free Psa Levels

Prostate Biopsy Procedure

Research has found several things that may play a role in your free PSA count.

Race and ethnicity. White and Asian men are more likely to have lower free PSA levels than African American men. White men who are not Hispanic also were more likely have low free PSA levels than those who considered themselves ethnically Hispanic.

Weight. Men who are overweight, particularly those who are very obese, tend to have lower free PSA levels.

Smoking. One study found that men who smoke or used to smoke have lower free PSA levels than those who never did.

Age. Younger men are more likely than those over 70 to have lower free PSA counts.

Enlarged prostate gland. This noncancerous condition, which can make it harder for you to pee, also may drop your free PSA count.

A low percentage of free PSAs to total PSAs also may be a sign that your cancer is more aggressive.

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Screenings Can Lead To High Costs

The cost for a PSA test is fairly lowabout $40.

If your result is abnormal, the costs start adding up. Your doctor will usually refer you to a urologist for a biopsy. Costs may include:

  • A consultation fee .
  • An ultrasound fee .
  • Additional professional fees .
  • Biopsy fees .

If the biopsy causes problems, there are more costs. You might also have hospital costs.

If You Are Transgender

If you are a trans man you do not have a prostate and do not need a PSA test.

Trans women and non-binary people assigned male at birth still have a prostate gland, whether they have had genital gender-affirming surgery or not. This means they may still get prostate cancer, although there is not enough evidence to know how common this is.

If you are a trans woman or non-binary person assigned male at birth and would like to have the PSA test, talk to your GP.

You may worry about talking to your doctor or practice nurse about this, but they are used to talking about many different needs. If you find it difficult to start the conversation, you could try showing them this information. You should talk about any worrying symptoms or concerns with your GP or nurse.

Prostate cancer UK have detailed information about trans women and prostate cancer.

The LGBT Foundation can also give you confidential advice and support. You can also talk to one of our cancer support specialists.

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What Does A High Psa Level Mean

High PSA levels could be a sign of prostate cancer or a different condition like prostatitis or an enlarged prostate.

Other things can affect your PSA level:

  • Age. Your PSA will normally go up slowly as you get older, even if you have no prostate problems.
  • Medications. Some drugs may affect blood PSA levels. Tell your doctor if youâre taking dutasteride or finasteride . These drugs may falsely lower PSA levels by half of what they should be.

If your PSA level is high, your doctor may suggest that you get a prostate biopsy to test for cancer.

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What factors affect prostate specific antigen levels in the blood?

The prostate is a walnut-sized gland found between the bladder and the rectum in males. Its primary job is to produce seminal fluid. The prostate creates a protein, the prostate-specific antigen, or PSA. A PSA screening test is a blood test approved by the FDA in 1994 to measure the levels of PSA in a mans blood.

Small amounts of PSA ordinarily circulate in the bloodstream and can be measured by a PSA test to monitor the health of the prostate. This test is intended to screen for prostate cancer, find other prostate-related conditions, or monitor PSA levels in those in treatment for prostate cancer. This is a simple blood test which reports PSA levels as nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood.

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What Is A Normal Psa Test Result

There is no specific normal or abnormal level of PSA in the blood, and levels may vary over time in the same man. In the past, most doctors considered PSA levels of 4.0 ng/mL and lower as normal. Therefore, if a man had a PSA level above 4.0 ng/mL, doctors would often recommend a prostate biopsy to determine whether prostate cancer was present.

However, more recent studies have shown that some men with PSA levels below 4.0 ng/mL have prostate cancer and that many men with higher levels do not have prostate cancer . In addition, various factors can cause a mans PSA level to fluctuate. For example, a mans PSA level often rises if he has prostatitis or a urinary tract infection. Prostate biopsies and prostate surgery also increase PSA level. Conversely, some drugsincluding finasteride and dutasteride , which are used to treat BPHlower a mans PSA level. PSA level may also vary somewhat across testing laboratories.

Another complicating factor is that studies to establish the normal range of PSA levels have been conducted primarily in populations of White men. Although expert opinions vary, there is no clear consensus regarding the optimal PSA threshold for recommending a prostate biopsy for men of any racial or ethnic group.

In general, however, the higher a mans PSA level, the more likely it is that he has prostate cancer. Moreover, a continuous rise in a mans PSA level over time may also be a sign of prostate cancer.

What Can Lower The Psa Test Results

Medications commonly taken to treat benign enlargement of the prostate such as finasteride , dutasteride , and a combination of dutasteride and tamsulosin can decrease the PSA by about 50% within six to 12 months of starting their use. Another medication used to treat fungal infections, ketoconazole, can also lower PSA levels. Lastly, herbal supplements such as saw palmetto and those containing phytoestrogens, which are plant-derived chemicals with estrogen-like effects, can also lower the PSA level. It is important to tell your health care provider all the medications, both prescription and nonprescription, as well as any herbal preparations or health supplements that you are taking.

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Prostate Specific Antigen Test

can predict residual tumor in the post-operative phase of prostate cancer, For this test, Colorectal, The PSA test measures the level of PSA in a mans blood, cells of the prostate gland, some doctors and professional organizations encouraged yearly PSA screening for men beginning at age 50, or prostate cancer may increase circulating PSA levels.Prostate-Specific Antigen TestProstate-specific antigen, The PSA test can be useful for detecting prostate cancer, a blood sample is sent to a laboratory for analysis, several new biomarkers supplementing the role of prostate-specific antigen have become available for men with prostate cancer, his doctor will consider a number of factors before recommending further treatment, is a protein produced by normal, The results are usually reported as nanograms of PSA per milliliter of blood.What is the PSA test?Prostate-specific antigen, High PSA Levelswww.myhealthyfeeling.com

How Is The Psa Test Used In Men Who Have Been Treated For Prostate Cancer

Free Psa Ratio Chart

The PSA test is often used to monitor patients who have a history of prostate cancer to see if their cancer has recurred . If a mans PSA level begins to rise after prostate cancer treatment, it may be the first sign of a recurrence. Such a biochemical relapse typically appears months or years before other clinical signs and symptoms of prostate cancer recurrence.

However, a single elevated PSA measurement in a patient who has a history of prostate cancer does not always mean that the cancer has come back. A man who has been treated for prostate cancer should discuss an elevated PSA level with his doctor. The doctor may recommend repeating the PSA test or performing other tests to check for evidence of a recurrence. The doctor may look for a trend of rising PSA level over time rather than a single elevated PSA level.

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