Monday, March 18, 2024
HomeCancerIncidence Of Prostate Cancer By Age

Incidence Of Prostate Cancer By Age

Diagnostic Radiologic Procedure And Ultraviolet Light Exposure

Prostate Cancer Statistics – Did You Know?

The radiation generated from X-ray, CT and nuclear imaging is ionizing radiation that penetrates the tissue to reveal the bodyâs internal organs. However, ionizing radiation can damage DNA, and although cells repair most of the damage, sometimes small area may remain altered consequently leading to DNA mutations that may contribute to cancer development years down the road. The first study investigating the connection between low-dose ionization radiation from diagnostic X-ray procedures and risk for prostate cancer reported that exposure to a hip/pelvic X-ray significantly increased prostate cancer risk independently of other known risk factors such as family history of cancer . However, unless men were exposed to high doses of radiation during cancer treatment in youth, any increase in the risk for cancer due to medical radiation appears to be slight. Considering that the increase in high-dose imaging has occurred only since 1980 and the effects of radiation damage typically take many years to appear, this may explain the weak association between ionizing radiation and prostate cancer risk observed thus far.

Finally, exposure to solar UV radiation is inversely associated with both the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer . The biological explanation of this fact is based on the synthesis and physiological actions of vitamin D .

Risk Of Prostate Cancer

About 1 man in 8 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer during his lifetime.

Prostate cancer is more likely to develop in older men and in non-Hispanic Black men. About 6 cases in 10 are diagnosed in men who are 65 or older, and it is rare in men under 40. The average age of men at diagnosis is about 66.

Cancer Incidence And Mortality Patterns By The 4

Incidence rates increased with increasing HDI level, ranging from 104.3 and 128.0 per 100,000 in low HDI countries to 335.3 and 267.6 per 100,000 in very high HDI countries for men and women, respectively . Mortality rates are about 2-fold higher in higher HDI countries versus lower HDI countries in men, whereas little variation exists across HDI levels in women .

  • a Incidence excludes basal cell carcinoma, whereas mortality includes all types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.
  • Abbreviation: HDI, Human Development Index.

Figures and show cancer incidence and mortality ASRs in higher HDI versus lower HDI countries for men and women, respectively, in 2020. For incidence in men , lung cancer ranks first and prostate cancer ranks second in higher HDI countries, and vice versa for lower HDI countries . These cancers were followed by colorectal cancer in higher HDI countries, largely reflecting the substantial contribution by the United States, and lip and oral cavity cancer in lower HDI countries because of the high burden of the disease in India. In women , incidence rates for breast cancer far exceed those of other cancers in both transitioned and transitioning countries, followed by colorectal cancer in transitioned countries and cervical cancer in transitioning countries.

Figure 7

Dont Miss: How Do They Do A Biopsy On Your Prostate

Read Also: Can Stage 4 Prostate Cancer Be Treated

What Are The Stages Of Prostate Cancer

Cancer staging is first described using what is called a TNM system. The T refers to a description of the size or extent of the primary, or original, tumor. N describes the presence or absence of, and extent of spread of the cancer to lymph nodes that may be nearby or further from the original tumor. M describes the presence or absence of metastases usually distant areas elsewhere in the body other than regional lymph nodes to which the cancer has spread. Cancers with specific TNM characteristics are then grouped into stages, and the stages are then assigned Roman numerals with the numerals used in increasing order as the extent of the cancer being staged increases or the cancer prognosis worsens. Prognosis is finally reflected by considering the patients PSA score at presentation as well as their Gleason score in assigning a final stage designation.

The American Joint Commission on Cancer system for prostate cancer staging is as follows:

Traditionally, advanced prostate cancer was defined as disease that had widely metastasized beyond the prostate, the surrounding tissue, and the pelvic lymph nodes and was incurable. However, a more contemporary definition includes patients with lower grade disease with an increased risk of progression and/or death from prostate cancer in addition to those with widely metastatic disease.

The National Cancer Institute and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines on prostate cancer version 2.2017 indicate the following:

Do We Know Which Treatment Is Best For Prostate Cancer Brachytherapy Or External Beam Radiation

Prostate cancer epidemiology

Its not a question of which type of radiation therapy is best in general, but rather which therapy is best for the patients specific disease and quality-of-life concerns. We want to use the most tailored, pinpointed radiation to treat the prostate tumor effectively while minimizing side effects. This can depend on the tumors size and stage as well as other patient characteristics and even a patients individual preferences.

Recommended Reading: Side Effects Of Prostate Cancer

Also Check: What Happens When You Get Prostate Cancer

Distribution Of Cases And Deaths By World Region And Cancer Types

There were an estimated 19.3 million new cases and 10 million cancer deaths worldwide in 2020 . Figure presents the distribution of all-cancer incidence and mortality according to world region for both sexes combined and separately for men and women. For both sexes combined, one-half of all cases and 58.3% of cancer deaths are estimated to occur in Asia in 2020 , where 59.5% of the global population resides . Europe accounts for 22.8% of the total cancer cases and 19.6% of the cancer deaths, although it represents 9.7% of the global population, followed by the Americasâ 20.9% of incidence and 14.2% of mortality worldwide. In contrast to other regions, the share of cancer deaths in Asia and Africa are higher than the share of incidence because of the different distribution of cancer types and higher case fatality rates in these regions.

CANCER SITE
  • a New cases exclude basal cell carcinoma, whereas deaths include all types of nonmelanoma skin cancer.

Figure 4

Awareness And Early Detection In Africa

Based on the review and analysis of published studies and data, PCa incidence in Africa has been documented to be lower than that of African American men. PCa incidence rates in African men have increased between 1987 and 1992 and continue to increase over time . According to , no data exists on the prevalence of PSA testing in Africa, but it is generally held that early detection testing is not common. Given that PSA testing is relatively rare in several African countries such as Nigeria and The Gambia, PCa incidence rates are projected to increase as early detection, clinical diagnosis protocols, and economies improve. It is likely that improved availability and access to medical care and systems as well as better attainment, reporting, and documentation of cases may contribute to an increasing incidence rate trend .

Donât Miss: Psa Levels And Prostate Cancer

You May Like: Can Prostate Cancer Metastasis To The Colon

Choosing To Stop Treatment Or Choosing No Treatment At All

For some people, when treatments have been tried and are no longer controlling the cancer, it could be time to weigh the benefits and risks of continuing to try new treatments. Whether or not you continue treatment, there are still things you can do to help maintain or improve your quality of life.

Some people, especially if the cancer is advanced, might not want to be treated at all. There are many reasons you might decide not to get cancer treatment, but its important to talk to your doctors and you make that decision. Remember that even if you choose not to treat the cancer, you can still get supportive care to help with pain or other symptoms.

What Are The Statistics For Prostate Cancer

Current Mortality Rates on Prostate Cancer Patients
  • The rate of prostate cancer is higher in African-American men than white men. African-American men are also more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer. The reasons why are not known. But some risk factors may play a part, such as differences in genes.

  • About 164,690 men in the U.S. will get prostate cancer in 2018. It is the most common cancer in men, not including skin cancer. Nearly 2 out of 3 of these men will be age 65 or older.

  • Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in men in the U.S. after lung cancer. About 29,430 men will die of prostate cancer in 2018.

Don’t Miss: What Are The Chances Of Getting Prostate Cancer

Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials

A clinical trial is a research study meant to help improve current treatments or obtain information on new treatments for patients with cancer. When clinical trials show that a new treatment is better than the standard treatment, the new treatment may become the standard treatment. We currently have several clinical trials open for prostate cancer patients diagnosed at various stages of the disease. Talk with your RMCC cancer care team to see if a clinical trial is right for you.

Also Check: Sloan Kettering Prostate Cancer Nomogram

Prostate Cancer In Other European Countries

A general increase in prostate cancer has been witnessed in Western Europe . It is unclear if these figures are secondary to PSA screening or other factors such as diet and low exposure to sunlight . Since mid 1990, an increase of APC between 4 and 5% has been witnessed in Austria, France, and Switzerland. Figures remained stable in other countries such as Netherlands from 1999 to 2008. According to Center et al. , mortality rates decreased in Austria, France, Switzerland, Germany and Netherlands. The main decline was seen in Austria whereas the lowest in Germany and Netherlands . In Southern Europe, an overall increase in prostate cancer was recorded between 1998 and 2007. The largest increase was seen in Croatia followed by Italy, Slovenia, Malta and Spain. Mortality rates were more heterogenous with decline seen in Italy, Malta, Spain and increase in Croatia and Slovenia . An increase in prostate cancer incidence was recorded over the past decade in four out of the five Nordic countries . The most relevant increase was in Denmark . Finland showed stable figures. In terms of mortality, a stable trend was seen in Denmark and Iceland whereas Norway and Sweden experienced a substantial decrease. In Finland, a decrease of 3.1% per annum has been seen since 2000 .

You May Like: Blood In Urine After Prostate Biopsy

Who Gets This Cancer

Prostate cancer occurs only in men, and it is more common in older men than younger men. It is more likely to occur in men with a family history of prostate cancer and men of African American descent. The rate of new cases of prostate cancer was 112.7 per 100,000 men per year based on 20152019 cases, age-adjusted.

Rate of New Cases per 100,000 Persons by Race/Ethnicity: Prostate Cancer

Males

SEER 22 20152019, All Races, Males

Which Age Groups Have The Highest Incidence Of Prostate Cancer

Recent Global Patterns in Prostate Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates ...

Prostate cancer incidence increases as men age as many as 60% of men over 65 years of age may be diagnosed with prostate cancer. Prostate cancer is most often diagnosed in men aged 65-74 years median age at diagnosis is 66 years.

However, men as young as 17 years are experiencing an increasing incidence of prostate cancer in much of the world, including the United States, according to data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation Global Burden of Disease database. These younger patients frequently present with more advanced cancer and have worse survival than middle-aged and older men. Worldwide, the incidence of prostate cancer has increased in men ages 15 to 40 years at a steady rate averaging 2% per year since 1990. In the United States, this age group was more than 6 times more likely than older men to have distant disease at diagnosis.

References
  • Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2018 Nov. 68 :394-424. .

  • American Cancer Society. Cancer Facts & Figures 2021. Available at . Accessed: February 2, 2021.

  • Komyakov BK, Sergeev AV, Fadeev VA, et al. . Urologiia. 2017 Sep. 42-5. .

  • Read Also: What Should I Avoid With An Enlarged Prostate

    Your Age And General Health

    Your doctor takes your age into account because some prostate cancers grow very slowly. If you are older and your prostate cancer is not causing you any symptoms, you may live just as long without having any active treatment. So you might be offered regular checkups instead of treatment.

    You may find it hard to wait and see if you are offered regular checkups. But it could be the right choice for you if the side effects from the treatment might be worse than the effects of the cancer. This is particularly so if you have other health problems. If your cancer starts to cause symptoms you and your doctor can then consider which treatment is best for you.

    Recent Trends In Prostate Cancer Incidence By Age Cancer Stage And Grade The United States 20012007

    1Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, CDC, 4770 Buford Hwy, MS K55, Atlanta, GA 30341, USA

    2Department of Urology and Winship Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Emory University, 1365C Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA

    Academic Editor:

    Abstract

    1. Introduction

    Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed non-skin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer death among American men. Each year, approximately 220,000 men are diagnosed with prostate cancer and 29,000 die from it . With the introduction of the prostate-specific antigen testing in the mid-1980s, prostate cancer incidence rate increased drastically, at about 12% per year, and peaked in 1992 . The rate subsequently declined, at about 10% per year for the following three years and then appeared to stabilize from 1995 to 2005 . In 2011, Kohler et al. reported a stable trend of prostate cancer incidence from 1998 to 2007 however, demographic and clinical factors were not examined in this study . With the widespread use of the PSA test, the mean age at diagnosis dropped substantially, from 72.2 years between 1988-1989 to 67.2 years between 2004 and 2005 . Studies using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program data have shown that the distribution of prostate cancer stage and grade has also dramatically changed, with localized and moderately differentiated tumors becoming predominant .

    2. Patients and Methods

    Count1

    Read Also: How To Reduce Your Chances Of Getting Prostate Cancer

    Your Risk For Prostate Cancer

    The greatest risk factors for developing prostate cancer are increasing age, family history, ethnicity, and diet. Do any of the following describe you?

    • I am older than 50
    • I have a family history of prostate cancer
    • I am African-American

    If you answered yes to any of these, then you may be at higher risk of prostate cancer. However, not having any of these risk factors does not mean you are immune. Unfortunately, all men are at risk for prostate cancer. Keep reading to learn more about your risk and what steps you can take.

    Incidence And Prevalence Of Prostate Cancer

    Prostate Cancer Incidence: Early Dose Of A Unique Micronutrient Mix Shows Greater Reduction.

    Somnath Pal, BS , MBA, PhDProfessor of Pharmacy AdministrationCollege of Pharmacy & Allied Health ProfessionsSt. Johns UniversityJamaica, New York

    US Pharm. 2009 34:10.

    Among men, prostate cancer is the second most common type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death, according to the National Cancer Institute. Annually, PC is the diagnosis in one of every three men found to have cancer. PC affects 234,000 U.S. men each year, with death occurring in 27,000. The Prostate Cancer Foundation reported that one new case of PC occurs every 2.5 minutes and one death from it occurs every 19 minutes. One in six males born between 2004 and 2006 will be diagnosed with PC during his lifetime, with 8% developing it between 50 and 70 years of age.

    Read Also: Can Prostate Cancer Spread To Testicles

    Incidence And Survival Rates

    Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, and the fifth most common cause of cancer death among men. Almost all cases are adenocarcinoma, a glandular malignancy. Around 1.1 million new cases were recorded worldwide in 2012, accounting for 15 per cent of all new cases of cancer in men.

    Prostate cancer is more common as men age, in the US 97 per cent of all prostate cancers are diagnosed in men 50 years or older. Incidence rates of prostate cancer vary by more than 25-fold in different parts of the world the highest rates are in Australia and New Zealand, Northern and Western Europe and North America. A proportion of the variation in incidence rates can be explained by differences in screening practices, notably screening for prostate-specific antigen .

    Early prostate cancer detected by screening usually has no symptoms. With more advanced disease men may experience weak or interrupted urine flow the inability to urinate or difficulty starting or stopping urine flow the need to urinate frequently, especially at night blood in the urine or pain or burning with urination, but these symptoms may also be due to a common condition called benign prostatic hyperplasia. Prostate cancer that has spread often presents as bone pain. The five- and ten-year survival is high in Europe and North America, but lower in some Asian and African countries.

    You May Like: What Age Does Prostate Cancer Occur

    Quality Of Life With Advanced Stage Prostate Cancer

    Since Huggins and Hodges won a Nobel Prize in 1966 for their work describing the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer, androgen deprivation has continued to be an important component in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. It is associated, however, with significant cost in terms of morbidity as well as economics. Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy include hot flashes, osteoporosis, loss of libido or impotence, and psychological effects such as depression, memory difficulties, or emotional lability. Recently Harle and colleagues55 reported insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, metabolic syndrome, and metabolic complications being associated with castration and thus being responsible for increased cardiovascular mortality in this population.

    Because of the palliative nature of androgen ablation, quality of life is an important component of evaluating competing therapies. Intermittent androgen deprivation is one approach to hormonal therapy that has been developed with the aim of minimizing the negative effects of therapy while maximizing clinical benefits and the patients quality of life. It can be used in any clinical situation where continuous androgen deprivation treatment could be applied.56

    Recommended Reading: Long Term Side Effects Of Cyberknife For Prostate Cancer

    Don’t Miss: Cancer Returns After Prostate Removal

    RELATED ARTICLES

    Most Popular