It Can Be More Aggressive In Younger Men
Younger men dont routinely undergo prostate-specific antigen and rectal exams until the recommended age of about 50. Prostate cancer in men usually has no physical symptoms in its earlier stages. As a result, if aggressive prostate cancer is eventually diagnosed in men younger than 55, it has often already progressed to a later-stage cancer and is therefore more difficult to treat.
What Are Some Of The Complications Of Enlarged Prostate In Young Men
An Enlarged Prostate in Young Men may result in quite a bit of problems for the individual. Apart from all the complications that an untreated Enlarged Prostate presents like kidney disorders, frequent urinary tract infections, and the like the individual will also have problems engaging in sexual activities. It may also cause infertility in young men due to inappropriate production of sperms as a result of Enlarged Prostate. If there is complete blockage of the urethra due to Enlarged Prostate then a catheter might have to be used for draining out the urine from the bladder as it may lead to infections.
Risk Factors In Young Patients
Early-onset prostate cancer is similar to breast cancer and endometrial cancer in one way. When patients are diagnosed at a younger age, a hereditary pattern is more likely. Thus, among the risk factors listed above, the most important in these patients is a family history.
Actually, a study found that family history is particularly relevant in men under 65 years. After 65 years, it may not increase the risk as much . These younger patients have a higher risk of genetic variants that increase the aggressiveness.
This increase in genetic burden is recorded in the scientific literature but is quite difficult to study. In the future, it will be very useful to know which genes are particularly risky. This would allow us to screen young patients with prostate cancer to see if they have these defective genes. If they do, they are at a notably higher risk and need to undergo aggressive treatment right away. However, this sounds very good in theory. Cancer is not as easy to manage and understand.
One of the few genes currently identified is a small change in the gene HOXB13. This gene encodes a transcription factor that modulates cell growth. In a mutant HOXB13 gene, cells start to divide rapidly independent from androgen stimulation. Patients with this defective gene are more likely to develop cancer at an early age .
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Both Us And Global Data
The new study is based on US data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program and on global data from the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluations Global Burden of Disease resource. Findings in the new study encompass North, South, and Central America , Europe, Asia, and Africa.
From 1990 to 2017, prostate cancer incidence in three age groups has steadily increased in all four study regions, the authors report.
Notably, the mortality rate of prostate cancer in these age groups did not mimic the incidence trend in any of these regions, having decreased or remained stable. There were some exceptions for 2016 and 2017, the most recent years of available data, during which the death rate increased in some regions and age groups.
There are a lot of unknowns about the incidence increase of prostate cancer in young men including its cause, say the authors.
They cite a long list of possible reasons for the increase, some linked to observational evidence and some not. One associated factor in the US will be familiar to observers of prostate cancer trends: prostate-specific antigen testing.
The authors point to a recent study that found that from 2000 through 2015 in the US, 2% of men aged 30 to 39 and 5% to 6% of those aged 40 to 49 years who had health insurance were screened with PSA tests, contrary to all existing practice guidelines. :S155)
What is certain to the researchers is that young American men with prostate cancer have dire survival rates.
Your Risk For Prostate Cancer
The greatest risk factors for developing prostate cancer are increasing age, family history, ethnicity, and diet. Do any of the following describe you?
- I am older than 50
- I have a family history of prostate cancer
- I am African-American
If you answered yes to any of these, then you may be at higher risk of prostate cancer. However, not having any of these risk factors does not mean you are immune. Unfortunately, all men are at risk for prostate cancer. Keep reading to learn more about your risk and what steps you can take.
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Testing Is Easy But Timing Is Inconclusive
You can be tested for prostate cancer in the doctors office with a digital rectal exam and a blood test.
Speak to Louisiana Healthcare Associates Urology Division about your individual situation and when you should begin testing. If you have higher than average risk you may want to begin testing at age 40.
Are Prostate Problems Always A Sign Of Prostate Cancer
Not all growths in the prostate are cancerous, and not all prostate problems indicate cancer. Other conditions that cause similar prostate cancer symptoms include:
- Benign prostatic hyperplasia : At some point, almost every man will develop benign prostatic hyperplasia . This condition enlarges the prostate gland but doesnt increase cancer risk. The swollen gland squeezes the urethra and blocks the flow of semen and urine. Medications, and sometimes surgery, can help.
- Prostatitis: Men younger than 50 are more prone to prostatitis, inflammation and swelling of the prostate gland. Bacterial infections are often the cause. Treatments include antibiotics or other medications.
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What Are Prostate Cancer Symptoms In Young Males
Prostate cancer symptoms among young males are generally similar to what you might find in older men. However, these symptoms might not be as easily attributed to prostate cancer because many people don’t think of prostate cancer as something that affects this population the same way. Common symptoms include: Problems Urinating and/or loss of bladder control, pain during urination, and blood in urine or semen, and trouble achieving a normal erection.
Unfortunately, these symptoms may not be reported to their doctors due to embarrassment about reduced sexual function and generally an area of male anatomy that most guys don’t like to talk about.
However, this leads to instances of prostate cancer that go undiagnosed for longer than they could have otherwise been. This in turn may lead to far more aggressive cases once properly diagnosed.
Prostate Cancer In Young Men: An Emerging Young Adult And Older Adolescent Challenge
Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, Oregon
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
Corresponding author: Archie Bleyer, MD, Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 2884 NW Horizon Drive, Bend, OR 97703
Oregon Health and Science Center, Portland, Oregon
McGovern Medical School, University of Texas, Houston, Texas
Corresponding author: Archie Bleyer, MD, Knight Cancer Institute and Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, 2884 NW Horizon Drive, Bend, OR 97703
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What Is The Prostate
The prostate is an important gland that is located between your bladder and penis and wraps around your urethra. Most men will never notice their prostate except when there’s a problem but it is also an important pleasure center that can be accessed through the rectum by a finger or toy. The prostate’s primary purpose is to secrete fluid into semen that helps nourish and protect sperm during ejaculation and the ultimate journey into a woman’s body in search of an egg.
Ipam Classifier Development And Performance Assessment
Function and pathway annotation of 36 genes in the iPAM classifier
*ANO7 and MYBPC1 are also in the Decipher classifier Top2A is also in the Prolaris classifier AZGP1 and SFRP4 are also in the Oncotype DX classifier IPAM: Improved prediction analysis of microarray.
Figure 3. Performance of the iPAM classifier. Combination of patients from Mayo Clinic validation data , Cleveland Clinic validation data , and Thomas Jefferson University validation data were used to evaluate performance of the iPAM classifier. Three risk groups showed highly significant differences in metastasis-free survival from the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Accuracy in predicting early metastasis , quantified by AUC of ROC, was higher in young and middle-aged patients than in old patients .
The AUC of survival ROC for the iPAM classifier by Gleason scores and age groups is shown in Table 4. The highest AUC of 0.87 was observed in young patients an intermediate AUC of 0.82 was observed for middle-aged patients , and the lowest AUC of 0.69 was observed in old patients . For patients with Gleason scores of 7-10, the overall AUC was 0.80 , with the highest AUC of 0.85 in the young group and the lowest AUC of 0.67 in the old group. The iPAM classifier demonstrated slightly higher prediction accuracy for patients with Gleason score of 7 compared to prediction scores for all patients.
AUC of five-year survival ROC for validation data stratified by Gleason score and age at diagnosis
| Gleason score |
|---|
| 0.79 |
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Symptoms To Take Notice Of
Symptoms of prostate cancer are generally the same regardless of the patients age. In its early stages, prostate cancer will likely produce no symptoms at all. With a more advanced form of prostate cancer, symptoms can include:
- More frequent urges to urinate during the night
- A weak urine stream or trouble starting and stopping the flow of urine
- A burning sensation or pain while urinating
- Blood in the urine
Bone pain in the hips, back, ribs and other areas can also indicate prostate cancer that has spread beyond the prostate. Talk to your health care provider if any of these issues arise.
What Are Prostate Cancer Treatment Side Effects
Some prostate cancer treatments can affect the bladder, erectile nerves and sphincter muscle, which controls urination. Potential problems include:
- Incontinence: Some men experience urinary incontinence. You may leak urine when you cough or laugh, or you may feel an urgent need to use the bathroom even when your bladder isnt full. This problem can improve over the first six to 12 months without treatment.
- Erectile dysfunction : Surgery, radiation and other treatments can damage the erectile nerves and affect your ability to get or maintain an erection. Some men regain erectile function within a year or two . In the meantime, medications like sildenafil or tadalafil can help by increasing blood flow to the penis.
- Infertility: Treatments can affect your ability to produce or ejaculate sperm, resulting in male infertility. If you think you might want children in the future, you can preserve sperm in a sperm bank before you start treatments. After treatments, you may undergo sperm extraction. This procedure involves removing sperm directly from testicular tissue and implanting it into a womans uterus.
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What Are The Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer
Early-stage prostate cancer rarely causes symptoms. These problems may occur as the disease progresses:
- Frequent, sometimes urgent, need to urinate, especially at night.
- Weak urine flow or flow that starts and stops.
- Painful urination .
- Painful ejaculation and erectile dysfunction .
- Blood in semen or urine.
- Lower back pain, hip pain and chest pain.
- Leg or feet numbness.
Am I At Risk Of Prostate Cancer
In the UK, about 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime. We don’t know exactly what causes prostate cancer but there are some things that may mean you are more likely to get it these are called risk factors.
There are three main risk factors for getting prostate cancer, which are things you can’t change. These are:
If you have any of these risk factors or if you have any symptoms, speak to your GP. They can talk to you about your risk, and about the tests that are used to diagnose prostate cancer. You can also get in touch with our Specialist Nurses, who can help you understand your risk of prostate cancer.
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Masturbation And Prostate Cancer Risk
Masturbation Frequency Linked to Prostate Risk in 20s, Protection in 50s
Jan. 27, 2009 Frequent masturbation in young men is linked to higher risk of early prostate cancer, but it lowers prostate cancer risk for men in their 50s, a study shows.
High levels of male sex hormones, or androgens, may increase a mans risk of prostate cancer. But different studies of this question, done in different ways, have reached different conclusions.
To look at the question in a new way, a team of researchers at Englands University of Nottingham looked at whether men with more intense sex drives were at higher risk of prostate cancer.
Polyxeni Dimitropoulou, PhD Rosalind Eeles, PhD, FRCP and Kenneth R. Muir, PhD, obtained detailed sexual histories from 840 men. About half the men got prostate cancer by age 60, and about half did not have cancer.
The findings were surprising. Sexual intercourse did not affect prostate cancer risk. But frequent masturbation did in different ways, at different times of life.
Frequent masturbation during mens 20s and 30s increased their risk of prostate cancer, Dimitropoulou tells WebMD. But men in their 50s who masturbated frequently had decreased risk.
Of course, masturbation frequency is relative.
For men in their 50s, frequent masturbation was one or more times per week. Compared to same-age men who reported never masturbating, 50-something frequent masturbators had a 70% lower risk of prostate cancer.
Family History And Genetics
Your family history is information about any health problems that have affected your family. Families have many common factors, such as their genes, environment and lifestyle. Together, these factors can help suggest if you are more likely to get some health conditions.
Inside every cell in our body is a set of instructions called genes. These are passed down from our parents. Genes control how the body grows, works and what it looks like. If something goes wrong with one or more genes , it can sometimes cause cancer.
Is prostate cancer hereditary?
If people in your family have prostate cancer or breast cancer, it might increase your own risk of getting prostate cancer. This is because you may have inherited the same faulty genes.
My father had prostate cancer. What are my risks?
- You are two and a half times more likely to get prostate cancer if your father or brother has had it, compared to a man who has no relatives with prostate cancer.
- Your chance of getting prostate cancer may be even greater if your father or brother was under 60 when he was diagnosed, or if you have more than one close relative with prostate cancer.
- Your risk of getting prostate cancer may also be higher if your mother or sister has had breast cancer.
Do you have a family history of prostate cancer?
If you’re over 45 and your father or brother has had prostate cancer, you may want to talk to your GP. Our Specialist Nurses can also help you understand your hereditary risk of prostate cancer.
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Family History Makes Prostate Cancer More Likely
If a family member has been diagnosed with prostate cancer in the past, you are approximately three times more at-risk for developing the disease than someone who doesnt have a family history. For men whose family has been affected by the disease, it is recommended that they begin their prostate cancer screenings early.
Risk Factors You Cant Control
Age: The risk of developing prostate cancer increases with age. One in 10,000 men younger than 40 will be diagnosed with prostate cancer, but one in 15 men in their 60s will be diagnosed with the disease.
Family history: Being born with a gene mutation is one of the unavoidable risks of prostate cancer. Two of them include the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations. BRCA and other inherited mutations, including HOXB13 and DNA mismatch repair genes, may explain why prostate cancer runs in families. Having a father or brother with prostate cancer may double a mans risk, especially if that relative was diagnosed before age 55.
Hormones: The level of male sex hormones, called androgens, may be higher in some men than others. Higher levels of androgensmainly testosteronehave been linked to a higher risk of prostate cancer. Men who use testosterone therapy are at a higher risk of developing prostate cancer, as an increase in testosterone stimulates the growth of the prostate gland.
Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia : This condition may be associated with increased risk of prostate cancer. PIN is a condition in which prostate gland cells look abnormal when examined with a microscope. Its not necessarily linked with any symptoms. Nearly half of men will be diagnosed with PIN before age 50.
Race: Studies show that African-American men are about 70 percent more likely to develop prostate cancer in their lifetime than Caucasian or Hispanic men.
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Prostate Cancer In Young Men: What Young Men Should Know
Posted on by Purohit Urologyin Men’s Health, Prostate Cancer
When youre a young man there are certain things you dont bother to think about like losing your hair, slowing down, needing a cane to walk, or getting prostate cancer. Young guys consider these all old man issues. Not so fast though. Maybe the others will take decades before you have to face them, but prostate cancer in young men is increasing. Heres what you should know.