Prognosis For Prostate Cancer
It is not possible for a doctor to predict the exact course of a disease, as it will depend on each person’s individual circumstances. However, your doctor may give you a prognosis, the likely outcome of the disease, based on the type of prostate cancer you have, the test results, the rate of tumour growth, as well as your age, fitness and medical history.
Prostate cancer often grows slowly and even more aggressive types tend to grow more slowly than other types of cancer. If diagnosed early, prostate cancer has one of the highest five year survival rates.
Obesity Insulin And Physical Activity
Obesity is linked to advanced and aggressive prostate cancer , and high body mass index is associated with more aggressive disease too and a worse outcome .
The possible explanation is that most of the time obese men present with alteration of circulating levels of metabolic and sex steroid hormones, which are known to be involved in prostate development as well as oncogenesis .
Obesity, particularly when combined with physical inactivity, leads to the development of insulin resistance with reduced glucose uptake. That, in turn, leads to chronically elevated blood levels of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that promotes growth and proliferation, thus is reasonable to add it in the list of risk factors that promote prostate cancer initiation and/or progression . Additionally, adipose cells represent a source of inflammation as well as of macrophages in adipose, which releases inflammatory mediators . Three meta-analyses reported a modest but consistent association between obesity and prostate cancer incidence independently of BMI increase . Data from three national surveys in the US population reported that obesity is associated with more aggressive prostate cancer and higher mortality despite its lower incidence .
Deaths From Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in American men, behind only lung cancer. About 1 man in 41 will die of prostate cancer.
Prostate cancer can be a serious disease, but most men diagnosed with prostate cancer do not die from it. In fact, more than 3.1 million men in the United States who have been diagnosed with prostate cancer at some point are still alive today.
Our team is made up of doctors and oncology certified nurses with deep knowledge of cancer care as well as journalists, editors, and translators with extensive experience in medical writing.
American Cancer Society. Facts & Figures 2022. American Cancer Society. Atlanta, Ga. 2022.
National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Stat Facts: Prostate Cancer. Accessed at https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html on March 15, 2019.
Noone AM, Howlader N, Krapcho M, Miller D, Brest A, Yu M, Ruhl J, Tatalovich Z, Mariotto A, Lewis DR, Chen HS, Feuer EJ, Cronin KA . SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2015, National Cancer Institute. Bethesda, MD, https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2015/, based on November 2017 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER web site, April 2018.
American Cancer Society. Facts & Figures 2022. American Cancer Society. Atlanta, Ga. 2022.
National Cancer Institute. SEER Cancer Stat Facts: Prostate Cancer. Accessed at https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/prost.html on March 15, 2019.
Last Revised: January 12, 2022
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Us Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool
The Data Visualizations tool makes it easy for anyone to explore and use the latest official federal government cancer data from United States Cancer Statistics. It includes the latest cancer data covering the U.S. population.
See how the rates of new prostate cancers or prostate cancer deaths changed over time for the entire United States and individual states.Links with this icon indicate that you are leaving the CDC website.
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What Were The Leading Causes Of Cancer Death In 2020
Lung cancer was the leading cause of cancer death, accounting for 23% of all cancer deaths. Other common causes of cancer death were cancers of the colon and rectum , pancreas , female breast , prostate , and liver and intrahepatic bile duct . Other cancers individually accounted for less than 5% of cancer deaths.
In 2020
- 136,084 people died of lung cancer .
- 51,869 people died of colorectal cancer .
- 46,774 people died of pancreatic cancer .
- 42,275 females died of breast cancer.
- 32,707 males died of prostate cancer.
- 28,227 people died of liver and intrahepatic bile duct cancer .
NOTES: Deaths were classified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Cancer deaths were identified using underlying cause-of-death codes C00-C97 .
National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality Data.
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Symptomatic treatment of an enlarged prostate usually involves a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may be the best option if you suffer from chronic urination. It will help the body adjust to the increased size of the prostate. Also, taking regular urination intervals will help retrain the bladder to function properly. Inactivity also contributes to urine retention, and cold temperatures can increase the urge to urinate.
Invasive treatment of enlarged prostate includes medication that relieves the pressure on the urethra and bladder. However, if the condition is severe, it may require surgical intervention. If treatment is not successful, the enlarged prostate can become a potentially life-threatening disease. As the hormone levels in the body change, the enlarged prostate can lead to various complications, including urinary retention and even cancer. This is why it is critical to see a doctor for further evaluation.
A physician can recommend a number of treatments to address an enlarged prostate. An enlarged prostate will require surgery to relieve the symptoms. In most cases, surgical treatment for an enlargement of the penis is enough. Moreover, a doctor may recommend a course of treatment based on symptoms. A TURP procedure is not painful and requires less recovery time than open surgery. The recovery period will be shorter and less traumatic.
Trend Patterns From 2000 To 2019
Table 2. Patterns of trends in incidence and mortality for prostate cancer from 2000 to 2019 among 89 countries.
In the past two decades, an increasing trend of ASIR for prostate cancer was observed in 65 countries, nearly all countries had high or very high HDI except Tajikistan, and the AAPCs ranged from 0.23% to 4.54% . Meanwhile, significantly increasing mortality trends were also observed in 19 of the 65 countries, with the AAPCs ranging from 0.36% to 3.63% while significantly decreasing mortality trends were also observed in 25 of the 65 countries, with AAPCs ranging from â1.85% to â0.32% . In addition, ASIR and ASMR have been significantly decreasing from 2000 to 2019 in nine countries with a very high HDI, including the Austria, Canada, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, and United States of America .
Table 3. Trend analysis of age-standardized incidence for prostate cancer from 2000 to 2019.
Table 4. Trend analysis of age-standardized mortality for prostate cancer from 2000 to 2019.
Figure 3. The AAPC of the ASIR and ASMR of prostate cancer. *P< 0.05. AAPC, Average annual percent change ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate.
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Surgical procedures to remove the diseased prostate are usually necessary. Surgical procedures are not always necessary. If the disease is caused by bacterial infections, a doctor can treat the symptoms using alpha-blockers or surgery. Physical therapy, relaxation exercises, and warm baths are all recommended. A physician may also prescribe antibiotics to cure the infection. A bacterial infection can also cause a recurrence of the condition.
An enlarged prostate can be uncomfortable for both men and women. Some of the symptoms of an enlarged male reproductive organ include a weakened urine stream, urgent need to urinate, and urinary tract infections. BPH can also cause damage to the kidneys. A sudden inability to urinate can be life-threatening, as it can lead to bladder and kidney damage. Unfortunately, most men with enlarged prostrates put up with the symptoms for years before they seek treatment. However, many of the men with symptoms finally decide to go to a doctor for proper gynecological evaluation and to begin enlarged prostatic therapy.
Treatment By The Numbers
Not all prostate cancers grow quickly. If that’s the case, doctors sometimes recommend active surveillance or watchful waiting .
- A May 2011 study in âBJU Internationalâ that tracked people with localized prostate cancer from 1991 to 2005 found that there was a 100 percent survival rate after 10 years of managing the disease with watchful waiting.
- The same study found that 95 percent of those people were free of prostate cancer metastasis after 10 years.
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Do Some Groups Experience Higher Rates Than Others
Cancer death rates differed by cancer type, sex, racial and ethnic group, and residence in an urban or rural county. Healthy People 2030 objectives include reducing death rates for lung cancerexternal icon to 25.1 deaths per 100,000 population, colorectal cancerexternal icon to 8.9 deaths per 100,000 population, female breast cancerexternal icon to 15.3 deaths per 100,000 female population, and prostate cancerexternal icon to 16.9 deaths per 100,000 male population.
| Characteristic | |
|---|---|
| 18.3 | 11.0 |
NOTES: Deaths were classified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision. Cancer deaths were identified using underlying cause-of-death codes C00-C97 . Rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 US standard population. Urban/rural status was based on county of residence, classified using the 2013 NCHS Urban-Rural Classification Scheme for Counties.Healthy People objectivesexternal icon are available.
National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System, Mortality Data.
In 2020
- 1,153 children younger than 15 years old died of cancer.
- 8,863 adolescents and young adults between 15 and 39 years old died of cancer.
- 151,578 adults between 40 and 64 years old died of cancer.
- 338,340 adults between 65 and 84 years old died of cancer.
- 102,413 adults who were 85 years old or older died of cancer.
Note: Age was not recorded for 3 cancer deaths.
National Cost Of Prostate Cancer Care
The estimated cost of prostate cancer in 2020 was $22.3 million dollars, according to the NCI.
- The estimated cost of prescription drugs for prostate cancer in 2020 was $1.7 million, according to the NCI.
- In 2020, the estimated cost of treating prostate cancer in a person at the initial stage of their diagnosis was just over $28,000, according to the NCI. The cost of continued care is $2,602, and the cost during the last year of life is about $74,000.
- In 2020, the estimated cost for a person’s oral prescription medication for prostate cancer was $312 at the initial diagnosis, according to the NCI. The costs for continued medication was also $312 per person. During the last year of life, the cost of prescription medication is estimated to be $5,800.
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Prostate Cancer Incidence And Mortality In 2020
The incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in 2020 of the major countries are shown in Table 1. Globally, more than 1.4 million new prostate cancer cases were diagnosed in 2020. The crude incidence rate was 36.0 per 100,000 males and the ASIR was 30.7 per 100,000 males. Data by continents in Figure 1 showed that, ASIRs in Europe, Latin America and the Caribbean, Northern America and Oceania exceeded 59 per 100,000 males, while ASIRs in Africa and Asia were lower than 30 per 100,000 males. However, the regional distribution of ASMR was quite different, with the highest rate in Africa, followed by Latin America and the Caribbean, Europe, Oceania, Northern America and Asia.
Figure 1. Incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in 2020 by continent. Incidence rate Mortality rate ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate.
ASIRs substantially vary more than 123-fold among 174 countries, wherein the highest ASIR was 110.7 per 100,000 males in Ireland from Northern Europe while the lowest ASIR was 0.9 per 100,000 males in Bhutan from South-Central Asia. Similarly, ASMRs varied by more than 77-fold among 174 countries, from the lowest ASMR of 0.54 per 100,000 males in Bhutan from South-Central Asia to the highest ASMR of 41.7 per 100,000 males in Zimbabwe from Eastern Africa, in which the crude mortality rate was only 12.2 per 100,000 .
Stats On Prostate Cancer Risk Factors
It’s not always clear why someone develops prostate cancer, but there are a few factors that can increase a person’s risk. Here are some important statistics to be aware of:
- The most common risk factor for prostate cancer is age, according to the CDC. Prostate cancer is rare for people under the age of 40, but the risk increases rapidly in those ages 65 and older.
- About 5 to 10 percent of prostate cancer cases are believed to be caused by genetics, according to the Prostate Cancer Foundation. In particular, the ACS says that the BRCA1 and BRCA2 gene mutations have been linked to an increased prostate cancer risk.
- The likelihood of getting prostate cancer from genetic changes may be higher among people who have more than one first-degree relative who had prostate cancer, according to the CDC.
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Viral Hepatitis And Liver Cancer
Chronic hepatitis B and C infections are the culprits behind close to 40% of all liver cancer deaths. It is thought that the rise in liver cancer death rates could be attributed to the fact that viral hepatitis cases have also been increasing. Its also thought that many people with viral hepatitis are unaware that they have a chronic infection. As a result, they have liver damage, which increases the risk of liver cancer.
The overall five-year survival rate for kidney cancer is 75.2%. If the disease is found in the early or localized stage, that number jumps to 92.6%.
Racial Disparities In Breast Cancer
There is a persistent mortality gap between Black women and white women when it comes to breast cancer. While the incidence of the disease is similar in both groups, Black women have a 40% higher death rate from breast cancer. The disparity is even greater in the younger demographic: The mortality rate among young Black women is double that of young white women.
The decrease in annual deaths can be attributed to enhanced screening measures and improved treatment options. Prostate cancer is now associated with the best overall outcomes, and the five-year relative survival rate of the disease is 97.8%.
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Worldwide Prostate Cancer Mortality
- Prostate cancer is the fifth-leading cause of cancer deaths among people AMAB worldwide, accounting for 375,000 deaths in 2020, according to the paper in âCA: A Cancer Journal for Cliniciansâ.
- The same paper also reported that prostate cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in 48 countries, including many in sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean and Central and South America.
Here’s a look at the top 10 countries for prostate cancer deaths in 2020:
- âZimbabwe:â 868 41.7 per 100,000
- âBarbados:â 137 40.3 per 100,000
- âHaiti:â 1,533 40.2 per 100,000
- âZambia:â 823 40.1 per 100,000
- âJamaica:â 844 39.4 per 100,000
- âTrinidad and Tobago:â 403 38.9 per 100,000
- âBahamas:â 72 36.3 per 100,000
- âDominican Republic:â 2,228 35 per 100,000
- âSaint Lucia:â 54 32.6 per 100,000
- âCôte d’Ivoire:â 1,600 29.5 per 100,000
Statistics At A Glance: The Burden Of Cancer In The United States
Statistics at a Glance: The Burden of Cancer Worldwide
- Cancer is among the leading causes of death worldwide. In 2018, there were 18.1 million new cases and 9.5 million cancer-related deaths worldwide.
- Generally, cancer rates are highest in countries whose populations have the highest life expectancy, education level, and standard of living. But for some cancer types, such as cervical cancer, the reverse is true, and the incidence rate is highest in countries in which the population ranks low on these measures.
Source: International Agency for Research on Cancer
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Prostate Cancer Funding And Cost
There are a few national organizations that are dedicating to fighting cancer and supporting treatment and research advances. Here are some of the bigger ones:
- ZERO â The End of Prostate Cancer is a national nonprofit organization that has dedicated $110 million to uncovering new prostate cancer treatments.
- The PCF raised more than $43 million for prostate cancer in 2020.
The Initial Causes What Is The Prognosis For Prostate Cancer That Has Spread To The Lymph Nodes
One of the first symptoms of prostate issues is pain or tenderness in the groin or lower back. This can be the result of a noncancerous condition called enlarged prostatic tissue, or it could be an infection of the bladder. In either case, its important to see a doctor as soon as possible. If youre suffering from prostate pain, you may want to consider reducing your caffeine intake.
Another symptom of a potentially enlarged prostate is difficulty starting a stream of urine, leaking, or dribbling. These symptoms are not serious, but theyre still alarming. Most men put up with an enlarged prostate for years before seeking medical attention, but they typically seek treatment as soon as they notice symptoms. Even if you dont have symptoms, its worth getting checked to determine if you have any prostate issues.
If you experience nightly bathroom runs, you may be experiencing an enlarged prostate. You may be having difficulty starting a stream of urine, or you may even be dribbling or leaking during the day. These problems arent life-threatening, but can become a nuisance. You should not ignore these signs and seek treatment as soon as you notice them. If you feel any of these symptoms, you should consult a doctor.
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