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What Size Of Prostate Requires Surgery

What If I Can’t Have Surgery

Prostate Surgery: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)

Surgery isnt always an option you may not be fit or well enough for an operation, or you may not like the idea of it. If surgery isnt suitable for you and lifestyle changes and medicines havent worked, your doctor or nurse may suggest using a catheter. This is a thin, flexible tube used to drain urine from your bladder. The catheter may be permanent or temporary.

A permanent catheter is passed up into the bladder through your penis, or through a small cut in your abdomen. The catheter is usually attached to a drainage bag, which you strap on to your body under your clothing. Your doctor or nurse will usually change your catheter every 12 weeks.

A temporary catheter is where you put a catheter in yourself when you need to urinate, rather than leaving one in all the time. Your doctor or nurse will show you how to put the catheter in and tell you how often to use it. Some men can urinate quite well without a catheter and only use it once a day to make sure they empty their bladder regularly. Other men need to use a temporary catheter several times a day.

You can lower your chances of getting a urine infection by keeping your catheter and the area around it clean. You may find the following tips helpful.

Let your nurse know if your catheter isnt draining properly. If urine hasnt drained from your bladder for 2 to 3 hours, contact your GP or district nurse straight away.

Minimally Invasive Procedures For Bph

Minimally invasive surgical therapies for BPH, such as free-beam laser therapy, radiofrequency ablation, transurethral needle ablation, prostatic urethral stents , and alcohol injection, are relatively simple procedures that can usually be performed in an outpatient setting, often with decreased postoperative catheterization time.

For patients at very high medical risk who cannot safely undergo significant anesthesia or surgery, these minimally invasive treatments may offer some benefit. Prostatic urethral stents, for example, have been suggested as a reasonable BPH treatment alternative when medical therapy has failed and the medical risks of surgery are unacceptably high. Stent migration, dysuria, and pain are relatively common complications but are easily reversible with stent removal.

These minimally invasive methods do not allow tissue to be saved for pathological analysis and do not remove the entire adenomatous prostate thus, retreatment and even TURP is sometimes required later. Up to 25% of patients who receive these minimally invasive treatment alternatives ultimately undergo a TURP within 2 years.

What Happens During Surgery

The aim of surgery is to make the prostate gland smaller so that it no longer pushes against the bladder and urethra. In most of the approaches, tiny instruments are guided through the urethra until they reach the prostate, where they are used to remove tissue or widen the urethra. This kind of procedure is known as keyhole surgery. If the prostate gland is very large, it may be operated on from the outside, through a cut in the abdominal wall . This is rarely necessary, though.

Many different surgical techniques and many different instruments and devices can be used to remove prostate tissue in different ways.

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Prostate Size And Blockage Of The Urethra

If the inner part of the prostate gland obstructs the urethra during urination, this will irritate the bladder and cause urinary symptoms.Urinary symptoms may include:

  • frequent urination, particularly at night
  • urgency and possible urgency incontinence
  • passing drops of urine involuntarily after you think you’ve finished
  • blood in the urine although this can never be assumed to be due to the prostate until other causes have been excluded.

The actual size of the prostate does not appear to determine whether or not there is a blockage. Some men with large prostates never develop obstruction, but some men with small prostates can have severe bladder obstruction, which causes difficulty with urinating.Around one in three Victorian men over the age of 50 years have some urinary symptoms. In most cases, these symptoms are due to a blockage caused by an enlarged prostate, but they may be due to other causes.

What Is The Success Rate Of Prostate Surgery

Prostate surgery

Looking at survival rates, the researchers found that 88.6 percent of men were still alive 10 years later and 72.7 percent of men were still alive 20 years later. During a salvage radical prostatectomy, the prostate gland and surrounding tissue are surgically removed to keep the cancer from spreading.

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Are There Differences Between Orp Lrp And Ralrp

According to a 2010 of different surgery types for prostate cancer, the outcomes for open radical prostatectomy , laparoscopic , and robotic-assisted prostatectomy are not significantly different.

But people who choose LRP and RALRP may experience:

  • less blood loss
  • shorter hospital stay
  • faster recovery time

Also, people who choose RALRP report faster recovery in continence and decreased hospital stay, in comparison to LRP. But the overall outcomes still depend on the surgeons experience and skill.

Ideiglenesen Le Vagy Tiltva

A kezelés idtartama és a gyógyulás. Postoperative radiotherapy is the only curative treatment for these patients. After radical prostatectomy, two different strategies can be offered, adjuvant or salvage radiotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is defined as treatment given directly after surgery in the presence of.

Many management options are available to patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. Magnetic resonance MR imaging plays an important role in initial staging of prostate cancer, but it also aids in tumor detection when there is clinical or biochemical suspicion of residual or recurrent disease after treatment.

The prostate stromal tumor originates from mesenchymal components of the prostate.

Init was first classified into 2 types by Gaudin et al including prostatic stromal sarcoma PSS and stromal tumors of uncertain malignancy potential. It has been suggested that PSS was especially rare which only accounts what size of prostate requires surgery.

To analyze postoperative outcomes of prostate surgery, resected specimen weight is commonly used.

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Harvard Experts Discuss Surgical Options For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Benign prostatic hyperplasia is one of the most common disorders affecting men as they grow older. Yet there is much confusion about the best way to treat this disorder surgically, in part because it seems that every year, a new surgical option is introduced.

Harvard editors invited three experts to participate in a roundtable discussion to share their thoughts about the relative benefits and risks of current surgical treatments for BPH.

Note: Men who decide to undergo surgery to relieve BPH symptoms have multiple options to choose from. Our panel of Harvard experts discusses the most common options, which are briefly defined below. See Table 3 for a comparison of recovery rates and other considerations.

The panel consisted of these experts:

Transurethral resection of the prostate . Still the most common form of surgery, TURP is often inelegantly referred to as the Roto-Rooter technique. This procedure takes place in an operating room under general or spinal anesthesia. During the procedure, the surgeon uses an instrument called a resectoscope to view the prostate . The surgeon threads the resectoscope through the penis to the prostate, then uses the electrical loop to cut away the overgrown tissue thats pressing against the urethra.

When To See A Doctor

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Most people begin to feel better and have an improved urine flow within 4 to 6 weeks after TURP surgery.

Overall, the risk of serious complications after TURP surgery is quite low. But as with all surgeries, there are some potential health risks associated with the procedure that require medical attention and intervention.

Reasons to seek medical attention after TURP surgery include:

  • bleeding from the urethra, outer prostate, or penis
  • inflammation and pain in the urethra, prostate, or penis lasting longer than 2 weeks or worsening
  • reduced urine flow or urinary symptoms, such as incontinence or urinary urgency 6 weeks post-surgery
  • blood in the urine that is severe or lasts longer than 4 to 6 weeks
  • severe clots of blood in urine or urine that is entirely red
  • weakness and fatigue that does not improve after 4 weeks
  • impotence or erectile dysfunction

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Which Is Better Turp Or Laser

Laser surgery. Laser procedures usually give you symptom relief and better urinary flow similar to TURP . However, some laser therapies produce fewer side effects than others and also reduce the risk of bleeding. Long-term studies are needed to find out whether laser treatments are as effective as TURP .

Prostate Gland Size: Why Is It Important

Thousands of men are diagnosed with a prostate condition every year. They experience both disease and treatment-associated complications that impair normal functions.

The impact of prostate conditions on quality of life remains a major concern for aging men. Common prostate conditions have a complicated relationship with the prostate glands volume.

On the one hand, these conditions enlarge the prostate gland. An enlarged prostate presses on the surrounding tissues/organs to cause urinary, sexual, and bowel symptoms that reduce your quality of life. On the other, the effectiveness of different therapeutic approaches for prostate disease may depend on the prostate glands size.

A significant proportion of men with enlarged prostate require surgery to treat their symptoms. However, balancing the benefit of surgical interventions for a large prostate with the risk of treatment side effects is a significant challenge.

Despite the apparent improvements in the treatment of this condition by less invasive options, immediate clinical intervention is not always necessary. Here, we discuss the relationship between prostate size, prostate health, and quality of life. The article also offers some insight into the potential ways to maintain a healthy prostate.

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What Are The Types Of Prostate Surgery For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Several minimally invasive surgeries may be used for benign prostatic hyperplasia. These include:

GreenLight laser: Photoselective vaporization of the prostate is a treatment that vaporizes prostate tissue to create a channel in the urethra for free urination. This is surgical treatment performed in the operating room under general anesthesia.

Plasma button electrovaporization: Prostate tissue is removed using low temperature plasma energy. Tissue is vaporized. This is an operating room-based therapy and requires an anesthetic.

Water vapor therapy : Water vapor is directly delivered to the prostate tissue. Over a 3-month period the tissue is destroyed and reabsorbed by the body. This is an office-based therapy and is performed under a local nerve block.

UroLift®: A mechanical approach that places implants to pin the lateral prostate lobes out of the way to reduce obstruction. This is an office-based procedure performed under a local nerve block.

Prostatic artery embolization: This approach uses catheters to deliver agents that block blood flow to the prostatic artery to reduce symptoms of BPH by shrinking tissue. This prostate procedure uses local anesthesia and doesnt require a hospital stay.

What Is The Normal Prostate Size

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A small prostate has a volume of 30 ml to 40 ml and a weight of 20 g to 70 g. A medium prostate has a volume of 40 ml to 80 ml and a weight of 20 g to 125g . A large prostate has a volume of 40ml to 100 ml and a weight of 40 g to 125 g.

Around age 40, prostate gland begins to grow. With a benign prostatic hyperplasia , glands size can increase by 4 to 5 times compared to its initial size.

Détection précoce du cancer de la prostate, Actualisation du référentiel de pratiques de lexamen périodique de santé , document PDF , HAS, mai 2013

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When Is Bph Treatment Necessary

The course of BPH in any individual is not predictable. Symptoms, as well as objective measurements of urethral obstruction, can remain stable for many years and may even improve over time for as many as one-third of men, according to some studies. In a study from the Mayo Clinic, urinary symptoms did not worsen over a 3.5-year period in 73% of men with mild BPH. A progressive decrease in the size and force of the urinary stream and the feeling of incomplete bladder emptying are the symptoms most correlated with the eventual need for treatment. Although nocturia is one of the most annoying BPH symptoms, it does not predict the need for future intervention.

If worsening urethral obstruction is left untreated, possible complications are a thickened, irritable bladder with reduced capacity for urine infected residual urine or bladder stones and a backup of pressure that damages the kidneys.

  • Inadequate bladder emptying resulting in damage to the kidneys
  • Complete inability to urinate after acute urinary retention
  • Incontinence due to overfilling or increased sensitivity of the bladder
  • Bladder stones
  • Recurrent severe hematuria
  • Symptoms that trouble the patient enough to diminish his quality of life

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Currently, the main options to address BPH are:

  • Watchful waiting
  • Medication
  • Surgery

How Is Bph Diagnosed

After evaluating your medical history and giving you a complete physical, your doctor will perform a digital rectal examination.

Because the prostate gland is in front of the rectum, the doctor can feel if the back of the gland has any abnormalities during this examination. This enables the doctor to estimate the size of the prostate and to detect any hard areas that could be cancer.

Several studies may be done to help diagnose your condition:

  • A urine test called a urinalysis
  • A seven-question BPH Symptom Score Index survey to evaluate the severity of your symptoms
  • A flow study to see if the urine stream is slow compared with normal flow
  • A study to detect how much urine is left in the bladder after urination

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Why Choose Minimally Invasive Prostate Surgery

A significant number of men with an enlarged prostate gland may require some form of surgical intervention.

These methods have proven effective in treatment and disease management. But they often cause damage to nearby tissues, leading to significant side effects such as urinary complications and erectile dysfunction.

In the last decade, several minimally invasive procedures have proven helpful in reducing side effects associated with the invasive methods.

Here, we explore the benefits of minimally invasive prostate surgery and the available data on their efficacy and safety. We offer information to help you consider the best treatment for your specific disease.

Benign Enlarged Prostate: What Are The Pros And Cons Of Surgery

What you need to know prior to prostate surgery

Surgery can very effectively reduce the problems associated with a benign enlarged prostate. It is considered if other treatments don’t provide enough relief, or if the enlarged prostate keeps causing medical problems such as urinary tract infections. But surgery often has side effects.

Most men who have a benign enlarged prostate aren’t in urgent need of surgery. They can take their time to carefully consider the pros and cons. There are various possible reasons for deciding to have surgery. For instance:

  • The prostate-related problems may be very distressing, and other treatments may not have led to a big enough improvement.
  • The enlarged prostate may frequently cause other medical problems, such as recurring urinary tract infections or bladder stones.
  • Treatment with medication may not be possible for medical reasons.

The decision will also greatly depend on how the man feels about the potential benefits and harms of a procedure. Although surgery is very effective, it can lead to complications such as ejaculation problems.

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Laser Surgery For An Enlarged Prostate Is No More Effective Than Standard Surgery

Two procedures to treat men with enlarged prostates are both effective, new research has shown.

A benign enlarged prostate is not cancer and is not usually a serious threat to health. But it is common in men over 50 and some need surgery to treat troublesome urinary symptoms caused by the growing prostate. The most common procedure is transurethral resection of the prostate which is usually successful but can lead to complications such as bleeding in some men.

The UNBLOCS trial compared the effectiveness of TURP to a new laser procedure which might reduce a patients hospital stay and cause fewer side effects. The thulium laser, ThuVARP, vaporises excess prostate. Men who needed a prostate operation were asked to consent to either procedure without knowing which one they would receive.

One year later, men in both groups were satisfied with their surgery. They reported similar improvements in their urinary symptoms and quality of life. There was no difference between the two procedures in terms of hospital stay or complications. However, men in the TURP group achieved a faster urinary flow rate . TURP was also slightly more cost-effective and faster to perform than the laser procedure.

Common Side Effects Of Turp

Common side effects after surgery include:

  • bleeding after the operation this usually reduces over time and should stop after four weeks
  • retrograde ejaculation most men are able to have erections and orgasms after surgery to treat an enlarged prostate. However, they may not ejaculate because the bladder neck is removed along with prostate tissue. This causes the ejaculate to collect with urine and pass out of the body in the next urination.

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Large Prostate With Significant Symptoms

For patients who have moderate or severe symptoms that have failed medical therapy from very enlarged prostates, the optimal treatment is often surgery. For very enlarged prostates, there are four main surgical options:

  • Open prostatectomy – The surgeon makes an incision and removes some of the enlarged prostate. This is done rarely today because less invasive surgeries through the urethra work well with fewer side effects.
  • Transurethral resection of the prostate – Going in through the urethra, with the aid of a small camera, the surgeon removes tissue to open up the channel, which can help the urine flow and take some of the pressure off the bladder. Tissue is removed with bipolar energy that shaves off pieces of the prostate. While this method is less invasive than open prostatectomy, it still can have side affects, such as bleeding, infection, need for repeat resection, erectile dysfunction, and scarring.
  • Transurethral laser ablation of the prostate – This is where the urine channel is opened up using a high-powered holmium laser to vaporize the prostate tissue. Like TURP, the procedure can help urine flow and symptoms from enlarged prostate. The use of the laser may decrease the need for a catheter or reduce bleeding after the procedure. A high-powered laser that uses “Moses effect” pulses has the potential to remove the tissue more efficiently, so the procedure time can be shortened.
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