Fighting Prostate Cancer: One Man At A Time And Torch Prostate Cancer
The Prostate Cancer Torch and Fighting Prostate Cancer, One Man at a Time provides an opportunity to bring awareness and education to rural communities the United States and Canada. As the epic motorcycle ride throughout the Great Lakes region and Canada bringing awareness to the importance of early detection of prostate cancer.
New Prostate Cancer Tests Why Are They Needed
PSA blood test has been used as a traditional way of diagnosing prostate cancer. PSA is a protein produced by the prostate gland. An elevated PSA level may indicate the presence of prostate cancer. But, there are also other factors that can influence the PSA level. Prostate infections, BPH or the use of some medications may result in a high PSA level. The usual follow-up after an elevated PSA level is a needle biopsy. Researchers found that less than half of those biopsies found cancerous cells. Also, many of the cancers found are indolent, not likely to spread or cause life-threatening problems.
In this context, it was considered that, in many cases, men need to go through an unnecessarily painful process of cancer diagnosis. Many of the new tests, including the urine test, aim to reduce the number of unnecessary biopsies that more than one million men undergo each year.
One such new test is called the 4Kscore, developed at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center in New York. This test analyzes four different types of PSA-related proteins in blood samples calculating from 1% t0 100% the likelihood of finding aggressive cancer.
Prostate Health Index, or PHI, from Beckman Coulter, Inc. is another PSA-based test that can calculate if a biopsy will detect prostate cancer but not be able to tell the cancers aggressiveness.
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Performance Of The 24
The diagnostic accuracy of the 24-Gene Classifier to identify clinically significant and insignificant PCa in the 5 ISUP Grade Groups in the combination cohort was tested and compared. The result showed higher accuracy in ISUP Grade Group 1 and 2 , than in the ISUP Grade Group 3, 4 and 5 . More importantly, the diagnostic accuracy of the 24-Gene Classifier in the combined ISUP Grade Group 1 and 2 cohort and the combined ISUP Grade Group 35 cohort was assessed and compared. The 24-Gene Classifier had higher sensitivity but lower specificity in the ISUP Grade Group 1 and 2 cohort than in the ISUP Grade Group 35 cohort .
Table 5. Diagnostic performance of the 24-Gene Classifier for identification of clinically significant prostate cancer or prediction of biochemical recurrence and cancer metastasis in the ISUP Grade Group 1 and 2 Cohort, ISUP Grade Group 3-5 Cohort, and patients with biochemical recurrence and cancer metastasis.
Table 6. Diagnostic performance of the 24-Gene Classifier and Gleason score for identification of clinically significant prostate cancer by logistic regression in the Gleason Score 67/ISUP Grade Group 13 Cohort and Gleason Score 7/ISUP Grade Group 2 and 3 Cohort.
What Is The First Test For Detecting Prostate Problems
The first test for detecting prostate problems is a blood test to measure prostate-specific antigen , a protein made only by the prostate gland. This test is often included in routine physical exams for men older than age 50. Because African American men have higher rates of getting, and dying from, prostate cancer than men of other racial or ethnic groups in the United States, medical organizations recommend a PSA blood test be given starting at age 40 for African American men. Medical organizations also recommend a PSA blood test be given starting at age 40 for men with a family history of prostate cancer. Some medical organizations even recommend a PSA blood test be given to all men starting at age 40.
If urination problems are present or if a PSA blood test indicates a problem, additional tests may be ordered. These tests may require a patient to change his diet or fluid intake or to stop taking medications. If the tests involve inserting instruments into the urethra or rectum, antibiotics may be given before and after the test to prevent infection.
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Cell Capture From Urine For Pca Detection Assays
Conventional IFA uses cytospin centrifugation for capture of cells when a large number of cells are available. For example in bladder cancer, typically thousands of tumour cells are released into the urine and so can be collected by the traditional cytospin technique. In the case of PCa, the number of malignant cancer cells in urine is very low and as a result the conventional cytology assay is not sensitive enough,. Fujita et al., have shown with PCa lymph node cultured cells spiked into urine, that the cytospin was only useful for over 1000 cells per mL.
The use of filtration has been previously reported as an efficient approach capable of single cell capture efficiency . We have adopted the use of this filtration method for efficient capture of urinary cells, including rare PCa cells, for the TGiA microscopic detection assay . An average capture efficiency of three replicates for 100 spiked cells was 91% and 90% from PBS and urine, respectively. Similar figures of 90% and 88% efficiency were observed when 50 spiked cells were recovered from PBS and urine and from urine samples with 10 spiked cells, around 83% and 80% of cells were recovered from PBS and urine, respectively . These results are in accordance with the previous report.
From Abnormal Result To Unnecessary Biopsy
With many organizations now recommending against routine screening for prostate cancer with the PSA test, its use has , as has the number of prostate biopsies and prostate cancer surgeries.
PSA testing can help identify men who may have prostate cancer. However, the test cannot help distinguish slow-growing, or indolent, cancers that are unlikely to ever cause a man harm from aggressive, potentially lethal cancers.
One of the biggest challenges for researchers has been identifying a way to screen for prostate cancer that can differentiate between indolent and potentially life-threatening cancers.
One approach being tested is to develop ways to better triage care decisions following an abnormal PSA test, including making more informed decisions about whether to pursue a biopsy. Prostate biopsies have risks, including pain, bleeding, and potentially serious infections. And the resulting overdiagnosis and overtreatment of indolent prostate cancers identified via biopsy have their own harms and costs.
The risk of overtreatment remains a valid concern due to the impact of treatment on quality of life, the American Urological Association noted in its most recent consensus statement on PSA screening. These effects can include lasting impairment in urinary, bowl, and sexual function, the statement explains, as well as potential and long-lasting psychological harms.
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Urine Test For Prostate Problems
The GP may refer you to a urologist or other appropriate specialist if:
- previous treatments have not helped your urinary problems
- a urinary infection does not go away or comes back regularly
- you cannot fully empty your bladder
- you have kidney problems
- you have stress incontinence, which is when urine leaks out at times when your bladder is under pressure for example, when you cough or laugh
You should also see a specialist if the GP is concerned that your symptoms could be caused by cancer, although for most men this is not the cause.
To help find out what might be causing your symptoms and decide how to manage them, you should be offered extra tests to measure:
- how fast your urine flows
- how much urine is left in your bladder after you have peed
You may also be offered other tests, depending on your symptoms or the treatment you and your doctor are considering.
Page last reviewed: 10 February 2020 Next review due: 10 February 2023
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One urine sample is all thatâs required to accurately detect and classify prostate cancer. Our miR Disease Management Platform® is not reliant on clinical risk factors such as age, PSA, or histopathology, and can detect sncRNA from small, potentially aggressive tumors that can be missed by TRUS or MRI-guided biopsies and/or not recorded on pathology.
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Urine Test For Prostate Cancer What Are The Benefits
Annually, about 26.000 American men die from prostate cancer. This is why it is extremely important to use effective methods to accurately diagnose prostate cancer, at an early stage.
New prostate cancer tests that go beyond the standard PSA test are popping up throughout the country promising more specific information that both the patient and doctor want and need to know in individualizing treatment to get the best outcome possible.
These new tests involve using blood, urine and tissue samples with the purpose not only to determine if a man has prostate cancer but also to pinpoint the exact location, grade, and aggressiveness of cancer, therefore optimizing the best course of action to take. A urine test can be used not only to diagnose prostate cancer without using an invasive biopsy but also to determine the level of risk.
Digital Rectal Examination And Psa
Prostate biopsy prompted by abnormal findings on digital rectal exam , such as nodularity or induration of the prostate leads to a diagnosis of prostate cancer in only 15%-25% of cases. This compares with prostate cancer prevalence of less than 5% among men of similar age without abnormal DRE. Although neither accurate nor sensitive for prostate cancer detection, abnormal DRE is associated with a 5-fold increased risk of cancer present at time of screening.
PSA Screening has revolutionized prostate cancer screening. PSA is a serine protease produced by the prostatic epithelium and secreted in the seminal fluid in large quantities. Prostatic disease changes the cellular barriers that normally keep PSA within the ductal system of the prostate and thereby alters serum levels. The level of PSA in serum is increased by inflammation of the prostate, urinary retention, prostatic infection, benign prostatic hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatic manipulation.
Like DRE, PSA is, therefore, neither accurate nor optimally sensitive for prostate cancer screening only 15%-25% of cases with PSA greater than 4.0 ng/dL are found to have prostate cancer on biopsy.
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Is Cancer Present Is It Aggressivewhats The Best Treatment Pathway
miR is the only prostate cancer test that provides an accurate measure of molecular malignancy to answer the most critical cancer questions. When it comes to cancer, we provide answers, not more questions. Outperform todayâs standard of care and decrease the invasiveness for your patients. Our results will transform the standard of urologic oncology care with highly accurate, easily administered, and cost-effective end-to-end cancer management tools that reduce poor outcomes and eliminate waste.
Erg Fish Clinical Assay
ERG gene rearrangements are present in a subset of prostate cancers and detection of such rearrangements can aid in the classification and diagnosis of prostatic adenocarcinoma. A clinical FISH assay to detect ERG rearrangements has been developed under the GU Service line initiative and is now available for use to assist in the diagnosis of neuroendocrine prostate cancer, in the differential diagnosis of poorly differentiated prostate cancer from poorly differentiated urothelial cancer, and diagnosis of metastatic ERG positive prostate cancer . For further details of this assay, .
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Prostate Cancer Urine Test Predicts Biopsy Test Results
Nick Mulcahy
The urine test, known as the PCA3 assay, measures a gene that is overexpressed in prostate cancer. It is approved in Europe and marketed as Progensa. Its uses include guiding biopsy decisions in men who have an elevated prostate-specific antigen level but who also have one or more prior negative biopsy results, despite the PSA results.
The assay has not yet been submitted for Food and Drug Administration approval in the United States.
In the new study of 1072 men, those who had higher PCA3 scores were more likely to have a positive biopsy result and thus prostate cancer, said Jack Groskopf, PhD, at a meeting press conference. He is director of research and development in cancer diagnostics at Gen-Probe Incorporated, the manufacturer of the PCA3 test.
PCA3 is overexpressed in more than 90% of prostate cancers.
PCA3 provides direct detection of prostate cancer cells, said Dr Groskopf.
PCA3 is overexpressed in more than 90% of prostate cancers, said Dr. Groskopf. Unlike PSA, it is not expressed in other prostate disorders, such as prostatitis or benign prostatic hyperplasia, he added.
Results from the new study also indicated that higher PCA3 scores were associated with a higher biopsy Gleason score , Dr. Groskopf added. This is evidence that PCA3 may help identify aggressive cancers, he commented.
Study Results
The men all had previous negative biopsy results and serum PSA levels between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL.
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Lncrna And Prostate Cancer
The longer class of ncRNAs is known as long intergenic RNA , with sizes ranging from a few hundred to thousands of nucleotides. lncRNAs can regulate protein-encoding genes by affecting transcription and chromatin state by mechanisms distinct from those used by small ncRNAs. Thus genetic alterations and aberrant expression of lncRNAs can be a causal factor in disease. Several lncRNAs pertinent to prostate cancer have been identified. A 3.7-kb lncRNA known as PCA3 has been mapped to chromosome 9q21-22 and shown to be highly overexpressed in prostate cancer samples. Genetic variation in lncRNAs has been found to affect prostate cancer risk. Microarray profiling of intronic transcripts identified many ncRNAs expressed in prostate cancer samples, and the expression levels of some correlate with the extent of prostate tumor cell differentiation.14 By high-throughput RNA sequencing of 102 prostate tissues and cell lines, Prensner and colleagues identified 121 unannotated prostate cancerâassociated ncRNA transcripts and have characterized one of them, PCAT-1, as a prostate cancerâspecific ncRNA functionally implicated in disease progression.
Xiaotong Hu, Shuiping Liu, in, 2017
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F Grading The Evidence For Each Key Question
We will grade the strength of evidence for primary outcomes by using the standard process of the Evidence-based Practice Centers as outlined in the Methods Guide.10,20 The grade will be based on four major domains: risk of bias, consistency, directness, and precision of the evidence. We will classify the bodies of evidence pertaining to each primary outcome into four basic grades: high, moderate, low, and insufficient .20 Additional domains such as dose-response association, plausible confounding, strength of association, and publication bias will be assessed and reported if applicable.
Psa Test: The Current Prostate Screening Standard
Before recommending when you should be screened for prostate cancer, yourdoctor will consider many factors, such as:
- Family history, particularly whether any of your family members have had prostate cancer
- Race, as African-American men have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer
If your doctor determines you should undergo screening, he or she will mostlikely recommend the PSA test. For more than 30 years, the PSA test hasbeen the gold standard in prostate cancer screening. This simple blood testmeasures how much prostate-specific antigen is in your blood.
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Urine Test Can Help Diagnose Aggressive Prostate Cancer
Recent research has revealed that a new urine test can detect aggressive prostate cancer cases that need treatment up to 5 years sooner than other diagnostic methods.
Researchers from the University of East Anglia in Norwich, United Kingdom, and the Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital carried out the study.
They revealed that an experimental urine test, called Prostate Urine Risk , can distinguish who will and who will not require treatment within the first 5 years of diagnosis.
The findings now appear in the journal BJU International.
Prostate Cancer News
Use In Men Who Might Have Prostate Cancer
The PSA blood test is used mainly to screen for prostate cancer in men without symptoms. Its also one of the first tests done in men who have symptoms that might be caused by prostate cancer.
PSA in the blood is measured in units called nanograms per milliliter . The chance of having prostate cancer goes up as the PSA level goes up, but there is no set cutoff point that can tell for sure if a man does or doesnt have prostate cancer. Many doctors use a PSA cutoff point of 4 ng/mL or higher when deciding if a man might need further testing, while others might recommend it starting at a lower level, such as 2.5 or 3.
- Most men without prostate cancer have PSA levels under 4 ng/mL of blood. Still, a level below 4 is not a guarantee that a man doesnt have cancer.
- Men with a PSA level between 4 and 10 have about a 1 in 4 chance of having prostate cancer.
- If the PSA is more than 10, the chance of having prostate cancer is over 50%.
If your PSA level is high, you might need further tests to look for prostate cancer.
To learn more about how the PSA test is used to look for cancer, including factors that can affect PSA levels, special types of PSA tests, and what the next steps might be if you have an abnormal PSA level, see Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer.
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New Urine Test For Prostate Cancer Available Unlike Psa Test Is Ultra
September 25, 2013 A new urine test for prostate cancer that measures minute fragments of RNA is now commercially available to men nationwide through the University of Michigan MLabs. The new testMi-Prostate Score improves the utility of the PSA blood test, increases physicians ability to pick out high-risk prostate tumors from low-risk tumors in patients, and may help tens of thousands of men avoid unnecessary biopsies.
The MiPS test incorporates blood PSA levels and two molecular RNA markers specific for prostate cancer in one final score that provides men and their doctors with a personalized prostate-cancer risk assessment.