I Persuaded Him To Go To The Gp What Next
A small sample of blood is taken from the mans arm to check for a substance called Prostate Specific Antigen , the presence of which in the bloodstream is an indication of prostate disease. If a man is over 50 he has a right to a PSA test. Men with prostate cancer tend to have a higher PSA in their blood, but only one man in five with a raised PSA will have prostate cancer. In addition the GP will give him a digital rectal examination. . If cancer is suspected it can only be confirmed by examining prostatic tissue under a microscope after a biopsy, or an MRI Scan given before the biopsy is taken, which is becoming increasingly more common.
How Common Is Prostate Cancer
With the exception of skin cancer, prostate is the most common cancer occurring in men. According to the National Cancer Institute , there are close to 3 million men living with prostate cancer in the United States. An additional 180,000 new cases of prostate cancer will be identified in 2016, and approximately 26,000 deaths will be associated with the disease.1
The good news is that most forms of prostate cancer are relatively indolent, or slow growing. As a result, the five-year survival rate following a diagnosis of prostate cancer is 98.9 percent. The NCI further states that while an estimated 16 percent of men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetimeonly 3 percent will die of it.1
Types Of Studies To Be Included
This critical appraisal and synthesis would involve primary research papers that are qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods in nature. Focused group discussions , observation of study subjects , in-depth interviews, and other forms of interviews will constitute the qualitative studies to be included in this systematic review without ignoring other studies that meet the criteria of qualitative studies. Quantitative studies will constitute descriptive studies, descriptive cross-sectional studies, and other studies that meet the requirements of quantitative studies. Studies that combined qualitative and quantitative designs will constitute the mixed-methods arm of this study on a condition that the qualitative and quantitative data can be explicitly extracted. This review will also include studies that have been published in the English language. To be able to map up current evidence, studies dating January 1999December 2019 will be included in this review.
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Common Symptoms Associated With Prostate Cancer
Prostate cancer might not cause any symptoms, especially when its in the early stages. Some signs and symptoms are similar to other diseases and ailments, so you must speak with a doctor to determine your diagnosis.
Prostate cancer symptoms in advanced stages include:
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Pain in the back, chest, hips, or other parts of the body where it spread to the bones
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Difficulty urinating, including the urge to urinate more frequently or a weak or slow urinary stream
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Numbness or weakness in the feet or legs
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Loss of bowel or bladder control if the cancer is pressing against the spinal cord
If you notice any of the symptoms above, you should immediately make an appointment with a medical provider. Most of these symptoms can be the result of another ailment. For instance, non-cancerous growth of the prostate, known as benign prostatic hyperplasia , can cause trouble urinating. You might have a less serious condition thats causing your symptoms however, you should see a specialist so they can perform tests and screen for prostate cancer.
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What Is The Risk Of Prostate Cancer In Trans Women
We dont know the exact risk of prostate cancer in trans women.
As in cis men, most cases of prostate cancer in trans women have been in those aged over 50 years.
In cis men, being black or having a family history of prostate cancer increases your risk of getting prostate cancer. Although we dont have evidence of this in trans women, its likely that these things will increase your risk as well.
Although the risk of prostate cancer is likely to be low, its important to be aware if youre a trans woman or a non-binary person assigned male at birth because:
- you might not have any symptoms
- you might be listed as female on your medical records so a health professional may not start a conversation with you about prostate problems
- your PSA levels are likely to be lower if you are taking feminising hormones so may not be a reliable sign of prostate problems.
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What Are The Other Prostate Diseases
There are two other common prostate diseases both benign and with similar symptoms to prostate cancer:
Prostatitis
An inflammation of the prostate gland. It can affect men of any age.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
This is the most common prostate disease and is more likely to affect men over 50. It can lead to Acute Urinary Retention, where the man is unable to urinate.There are a variety of medications and procedures to treat BPH.
Can Women Get Prostate Cancer
Women can develop cancer in the Skenes glands and, given the structures similarity to the prostate, the condition is sometimes referred to as female prostate cancer. Its extremely rare, but it can occur. One older study found that prostate cancer in women accounted for just 0.003% of all genital cancers.
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What Is Prostate Cancer
When cellular growth goes awry in any organ, cancer is often the result. When this happens in the prostate, it is referred to as prostate cancer. Doctors refer to the most common type of prostate cancer as adenocarcinoma of the prostate, based on the particular type of cancer cells that have developed.
Know The Survival Rate
Prostate cancer is a disease that if caught early is highly treatable. The good news is that most men with prostate cancer have a better outlook than ever before. Early detection, improved treatments, and new medications have boosted prostate cancers survival rate to 98 percent. In other words, nearly all men will survive it and likely die of another cause.
However, if the cancer has spread beyond the prostate, the survival rate decreases significantly which is why early detection is so important.
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Women Get Your Men To The Urologist
Yes, women do not have a prostate and can not get prostate cancer. But their men can. That is why do not hesitate to advise the men in your life to get to see a urologist. When should you worry about prostate cancer?
As you know, women are more proactive when it comes to health and doctor appointments. Men do not act until it is broken. This is their style. Rare are the men who like to get tested to prevent future diseases. But you may take it as a responsibility to care for the health of the men you love. And encouraging them to see a urologist may be a decision they will finally thank you for!
Can Women Get Prostate Cancer Understanding The Skenes Gland
Women cannot get prostate cancer in the same way men can simply because they dont have a prostate, which is a vital part of the male reproductive system. However, a womans reproductive system does have a similar organthe Skene glands. The glands are named after Alexander Skene, a Scottish gynecologist who elaborated on the glands in medical literature in the late 19th century.
Commonly referred to as the female prostate, the Skene glands can harbor cancer as well as other conditions, like infection and cysts.
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How To Involve Your Spouse Or Partner In Your Advanced Prostate Cancer Care
Whether diet can impact either your risk of getting prostate cancer or your prognosis is an area of active study, but there have been few answers so far. Clearer evidence exists with regard to supplements, with the general consensus being that theyre not helpful. The best advice so far: Follow a diet thats good for the heart and focus on whole foods.
What Causes Prostate Cancer
Experts arent sure why some cells in the prostate gland become cancerous . Genetics appear to play a role. For example:
- Youre two to three times more likely to get prostate cancer if your father, brother or son has the disease.
- Inherited mutated breast cancer genes and other gene mutations contribute to a small number of prostate cancers.
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The Top 7 Signs Of Advanced Prostate Cancer
In the early stages, you may not notice any symptoms related to prostate cancer. This is why screenings are important. Symptoms can sometimes be noticed for the first time when the cancer advances.
Advanced prostate cancer, also called metastatic cancer, means the cancer has spread to other areas of your body beyond your prostate gland. The most common areas for prostate cancer to spread are your bladder, rectum, and bones. It can also spread to your lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and other body tissues.
Whether youve just been diagnosed or youre in treatment, its also important to know the signs of advanced cancer. Cancer can behave differently depending on your genetics, so not every person will experience the same symptoms in the same way.
Read on to learn more about the seven top symptoms of advanced prostate cancer and how to spot them.
Can Trans Women Get Prostate Cancer
Yes, trans women and non-binary people assigned male at birth can get prostate cancer.
There arent many studies of prostate cancer in trans women but they suggest that there is a lower risk than in cis men.
Ive always known that people born male have a prostate. Its something that I have to live with. No health professional raised the risk of prostate problems with me, but I was aware that I was at risk. A personal experience
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The Potential Limitations Of This Research
The study is confronted with selection bias resulting from the following:
The restriction of the literature search to the range of January 1999 to December 2019.
The consideration of studies published only in the English language for inclusion.
Limiting the literature search to five databases.
The exclusion of studies conducted in women who have received prior education on prostate cancer, exclusion of healthcare professionals, healthcare students, and college/university students.
Quality assessment tool
What Is The Actual Purpose Of Prostate In Female Body
During few recent years, medical professionals have taken help from MRIs to detect the presence as well as functionality of female prostate. However, the research should be continued ahead to make ideas more clear but the basic understanding have obtained a boost with this initiative. You might be aware of the fact that prostate gland in males use to store infections inside body. Several studies around the world reveal that Skenes glands also serve the similar kind of function.
Now, it is already clear that skenes glands use to release some fluid during sexual activity and it use to be of watery in appearance. As per one detailed study published in 2007, this fluid that is excreted into the tract from Skene s Duct use to be consistent with the prostate fluid but it is not observed to have consistency with urine.
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What Symptoms Indicate An Issue With The Female Prostate
Because this type of cancer is rare, there arent a lot of case studies. That means recognizing symptoms of this type of cancer may be difficult.
If you experience bleeding out of your urethra, you should see a doctor. That may be a symptom of cancer of the Skenes glands. Or its more likely a symptom of another issue with your urethra. The bleeding may not be accompanied by any pain, and it may happen on and off over a period of time.
Its always best to see a doctor if you notice any abnormal symptoms, especially if they recur. Early diagnosis can help improve your outlook for most conditions. You should see your doctor if you have any of these symptoms, which could indicate other conditions:
- painful or frequent urination, or if its difficult to pass urine
- blood in your urine, or passing blood from your urethra
- painful sexual intercourse
- feeling of pressure behind the pubic bones
- abnormal menstrual cycle, or sudden changes to your menstrual cycle
There are conditions other than cancer that may be related to the Skenes glands, and which may cause noticeable symptoms.
female prostatitis has been diagnosed as an infection of the urethra, but may actually be an infection of the Skenes glands. In the past this has been diagnosed as infection of the urethra. Doctors are increasingly aware that the female prostate can be a separate site of infection that should be treated separately.
Symptoms of infection of the Skenes glands may include:
What Is Breast Cancer And How Does It Link To Prostate Cancer
Prostate and breast cancer are both the second most common cancers in men and women. The link between prostate cancer and breast cancer is in the genes. As mentioned above, prostate cancer is a hereditary disorder, meaning that it lies in the genes. Breast cancer is also hereditary, genes mutations being responsible for its formation.
But why and how does it happen and what should it mean to you?
When talking about breast cancer, scientists refer to 2 specific genes that suffer mutations, BRCA1 and BRCA2. Both men and women have these genes, so they are present in both genders. But not the presence of these genes increases the chances of prostate cancer or breast cancer, but their mutations. This is the link between prostate cancer and breast cancer. The mutations of BRCA1 and BRCA2 can lead to breast cancer in women and prostate cancer in men. The same genes are responsible for these types of cancer.
For example, men with BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations may experience a severe form of prostate cancer. If only one gene suffers mutations, then the risk of aggressiveness is lower. The same happens with breast cancer.
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Screening And Selection Of Studies
The final list of search findings will be independently screened by two reviewers . The titles and abstracts of the selected studies will initially be screened for inclusion and exclusion in the review. Studies that are selected after the screening of the titles and abstract will undergo full-text reading by the same independent reviewers. The selection for data extraction will be done by a careful comparison of papers that successfully passed the screening stage to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Search findings that present disagreements between the independent reviewers , during the screening and selection stages, will be resolved through discussions with the third reviewer . Kappa coefficient of 0.6 or more would be used to establish an agreement between the two independent reviewers during the screening and selection phase . Reference management will be done by EW.
How Is Prostate Cancer Treated
Your treatment will depend on what kind of cancer cells you have, how far they have spread, your age and general health, and your preferences.
You and your doctor may decide to manage your cancer with active surveillance or to treat it with surgery or radiation.
If you are over age 80 or have other serious health problems, like heart disease, you may choose not to have treatments to cure your cancer. Instead, you can just have treatments to manage your symptoms. This is called watchful waiting.
Choosing treatment for prostate cancer can be confusing. Talk with your doctor to choose the treatment thatâs best for you.
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Whats The Risk For Trans Women And Nonbinary People
Researchers donât know the exact risk of trans women getting prostate cancer, but they do know that itâs lower than that of cisgender males. The risk does exist, however.
The risk of prostate cancer in trans women and nonbinary people assigned male at birth increases after age 50, just like it does in cisgender men. If youâre a trans woman over 50, discuss the risk of prostate cancer with your doctor even if you donât have symptoms.
Trans women and nonbinary people who are Black and those with a family history of prostate cancer may also be at increased risk, although thereâs no clear evidence. If youâre Black or have a family history of prostate cancer, screening should begin earlier.
If I’m Taking Hormones Or Have Had Genital Reconstructive Surgery Does That Mean I Wont Get Prostate Cancer
No, it doesnt necessarily mean you wont get prostate cancer. But the chance of getting it is likely to be lower if youre taking feminising hormones, testosterone blockers or have had the testicles removed.
Taking feminising hormones, testosterone blockers or having the testicles removed reduces the risk of prostate cancer by lowering testosterone levels. Some researchers believe that trans women who have taken these hormones will only develop prostate cancer if their prostate cancer had started developing before they started transition, but more research is needed.
We dont know whether the age of starting hormone therapy could be a factor. There is some evidence that being older at transition increases the risk of developing prostate cancer, but we need more research.
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What Are The Symptoms Of Prostate Cancer In Trans And Nonbinary People
During the early stages of prostate cancer, you may have no symptoms. This might be because the prostate doesnât increase in size with age, like it normally would, for those on estrogen or drugs that prevent androgens such as testosterone.
You may notice urinary problems such as difficulty starting, a weak flow, or needing to pee more often than usual. These issues also may be signs of prostate problems that arenât related to cancer, such as an enlarged prostate or prostatitis. Genital reconstructive surgery also can cause urinary symptoms and pain.