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Prostate Cancer Statistics Worldwide 2020

Final Datasets And Best Estimate Of Lifetime Risk

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The all ethnicity-combined lifetime risk calculations confirmed the need to account for the discrepancy in overall number of deaths between the PHE-supplied and the ONS data. Lifetime risk calculations, by ethnic group, were therefore conducted using two sets of mortality data: the PHE mortality data as supplied and the PHE data with the additional ONS deaths included . This second dataset, however, further compounded the issue of unknown ethnicity as any additional mortality counts from ONS lacked an ethnic classification. Table shows the effect that the different sources of data and methods of assigning ethnicity had on the number of prostate cancer incident cases, prostate cancer deaths, and all-cause deaths by ethnic group. Irrespective of the method used, the majority of the incident cases and deaths were assigned to the White category, as the majority of the population, and therefore also of the known cases, were White. When including the additional deaths from the ONS data , the number of all-cause deaths with unknown ethnicity increased from 34,839 to 147,573 .

Although this study is based on data from England only , the results can be assumed to be representative of men across the United Kingdom, as in the PROCESS study .

The full dataset of raw and manipulated data can be found in Additional file .

Etiology And Risk Factors

The etiology of prostate cancer is the subject of numerous studies and remains largely unknown compared to other common cancers. The well-established prostate cancer risk factors are advanced age, ethnicity, genetic factors and family history . Other factors positively associated with prostate cancer include diet , obesity and physical inactivity, inflammation, hyperglycemia, infections, and environmental exposure to chemicals or ionizing radiation .

Racial Disparities In Prostate Cancer

Taking direct action to address unequal outcomes

1 in 4 Black men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer, compared to 1 in 8 White men and less again in men of other ethnicities. Our analysis has revealed that not enough is being done to address this, leading us to take both an awareness-raising and a research initiative in 2021.

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Trend Patterns In Most Recent Period

However, in the latest period, the magnitudes of increase for ASIRs and decrease for ASMRs were attenuated or even reversed. ASIRs have been significantly increasing in only 44 countries in the most recent period compared with 65 countries in the full period, and ASMRs have been significantly decreasing in 32 countries in the most recent period compared with 45 countries in the full period . For instance, the AAPC of ASIR in the United States of America was â0.69% from 2000 to 2019, while the AAPC was 0.49% from 2015 to 2019. And the AAPC of ASMR was â1.22% from 2000 to 2019 but it was 0.48% from 2015 to 2019 .

Figure 4. Comparisons of changing trends in most recent period with that in full period.

Examining Cancer In American Indians And Alaskan Native Subgroup

Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and ...

In a special section of the report, investigators detailed specific cancer data that are unique to the United States population of American Indian and Alaskan Native individuals. Due to acts of genocide, forced displacement, and relocation perpetrated by US citizens and the military, it is reported that two-thirds of American Indian or Alaska Native individuals reside in tribal areas or surrounding regions known as Purchased/Referred Care Delivery Area counties. These areas are primarily located in the Western United States and are predominantly rural vs non-PRCDA counties. Due to persisting systemic racism, this subgroup has limited access to health care, high-quality education, and economic opportunities, leaving them twice as likely to live in poverty compared with White individuals.

Notably, cancer data by tribal affiliation are not currently available, but the report highlighted difference between PRCDA regions when available highlight the heterogeneity of cancer burden across this patient group. Incidence of cancer within this group is higher compared with the White population in several disease types, including lung, colorectal, and kidney cancers, as well as cancers if the liver, stomach, and cervix.

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Who Gets This Cancer

Prostate cancer occurs only in men, and it is more common in older men than younger men. It is more likely to occur in men with a family history of prostate cancer and men of African American descent. The rate of new cases of prostate cancer was 112.7 per 100,000 men per year based on 20152019 cases, age-adjusted.

Rate of New Cases per 100,000 Persons by Race/Ethnicity: Prostate Cancer

Males

SEER 22 20152019, All Races, Males

Cancer Mortality By Race And Ethnicity

Overall cancer mortality rates decreased for all racial and ethnic groups, with the largest decrease among Black people, but Black people continued to have the highest cancer mortality rate in 2018 . Between 2013 and 2018, the difference between the overall cancer mortality rate for Black and White people narrowed, but Black people remained at higher risk for cancer death. Among the leading four types of cancer death, mortality rates for female breast cancer decreased for White, Black, and Hispanic people and increased for Asian and Pacific Islander and AIAN people. Colon and rectum and lung and bronchus cancer mortality rates decreased across all racial and ethnic groups, while prostate cancer mortality rates decreased for Black and AIAN people but remained fairly stable for White and Asian and Pacific Islander people. Decreases over the period narrowed disparities in mortality for Black people for colon and rectum, lung and bronchus, and prostate cancer, although they remained at higher risk for dying from colon and rectum and prostate cancer compared to White people. The decreases largely eliminated the difference in lung and bronchus mortality rates between Black and White people, while the difference in breast cancer mortality rates remained largely stable.

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Prostate Cancer Screening Market Size Share & Covid

The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content.

Dec 05, 2022 —Final Report will add the analysis of the impact of Russia-Ukraine War and COVID-19 on this industry.

Prostate Cancer Screening Market” Insights 2022 – By Applications , By Types , By Segmentation analysis, Regions and Forecast to 2028. The Global Prostate Cancer Screening market Report provides In-depth analysis on the market status of the Prostate Cancer Screening Top manufacturers with best facts and figures, meaning, Definition, SWOT analysis, PESTAL analysis, expert opinions and the latest developments across the globe., the Prostate Cancer Screening Market Report contains Full TOC, Tables and Figures, and Chart with Key Analysis, Pre and Post COVID-19 Market Outbreak Impact Analysis and Situation by Regions.

Prostate Cancer Screening Market Size is projected to Reach Multimillion USD by 2028, In comparison to 2021, at unexpected CAGR during the forecast Period 2022-2028.

Browse Detailed TOC, Tables and Figures with Charts that provides exclusive data, information, vital statistics, trends, and competitive landscape details in this niche sector.

Considering the economic change due to COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence, Prostate Cancer Screening, which accounted for % of the global market of Prostate Cancer Screening in 2021

Prostate Cancer Screening Market is further classified on the basis of region as follows:

Customization of the Report

3 Production by Region

Can Racial/ethnic Disparities In Prostate Cancer Be Eliminated

Living with advanced prostate cancer

Based on these observations, it is likely that a personalized approach to CaP prevention and treatment may be required. Rather than focus solely on race/ethnicity-specific differences and target large demographically defined groups, basic discovery of underlying risk factors and genomics may be required to understand and address an individuals risk, prevention, and treatment options. These risk factors and genomic traits may correlate with race or ethnicity, but the continued use of race/ethnicity as the stratifier around which CaP prevention and treatment is based may have limited efficacy. Thus, a precision medicine approach to addressing CaP disparities should be prioritized as a means of eliminating CaP disparities by race/ethnicity.

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Cancer Prevalence By Age

Age breakdown of people with cancer

We see that globally the majority of cancers occur in older populations. Approximately 70% of cancer cases occur in those aged over 50.

The chart shows that in 2017, 43 percent were aged between 50 and 69 and 27 percent were over 70 years old.

Around five percent of global cancers occur in children and adolescents younger than 15. These are predominantly childhood cancers within the group of leukemia.

Prevalence of cancer by age

This bar chart compares the prevalence across ages.

Globally 6% of those over 70 years had cancer in 2017. Of the population younger than 50 the prevalence is well under 1% globally.

In all these charts it is possible to switch to any other country: In the US more than 20% of people older than 70 years are living with cancer according to the estimates of the Global Burden of Disease shown here. In Spain it is 9%.

Trend Patterns From 2000 To 2019

Table 2. Patterns of trends in incidence and mortality for prostate cancer from 2000 to 2019 among 89 countries.

In the past two decades, an increasing trend of ASIR for prostate cancer was observed in 65 countries, nearly all countries had high or very high HDI except Tajikistan, and the AAPCs ranged from 0.23% to 4.54% . Meanwhile, significantly increasing mortality trends were also observed in 19 of the 65 countries, with the AAPCs ranging from 0.36% to 3.63% while significantly decreasing mortality trends were also observed in 25 of the 65 countries, with AAPCs ranging from â1.85% to â0.32% . In addition, ASIR and ASMR have been significantly decreasing from 2000 to 2019 in nine countries with a very high HDI, including the Austria, Canada, France, Iceland, Luxembourg, New Zealand, Sweden, Switzerland, and United States of America .

Table 3. Trend analysis of age-standardized incidence for prostate cancer from 2000 to 2019.

Table 4. Trend analysis of age-standardized mortality for prostate cancer from 2000 to 2019.

Figure 3. The AAPC of the ASIR and ASMR of prostate cancer. *P< 0.05. AAPC, Average annual percent change ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate ASMR, age-standardized mortality rate.

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Know Your Prostate Booklet

This booklet is a guide to the prostate what it is, what it does, and what can go wrong with it.

The following people have a prostate:

  • non-binary people who were assigned male at birth**
  • some intersex people.***

* A trans woman is someone who was assigned male at birth but identifies as a woman. Trans women can develop prostate problems, even if they have taken hormones. The prostate is not removed during genital reconstructive surgery.** A non-binary person may not identify as a man or a woman.*** An intersex person may have both male and female sexual characteristics and so might have a prostate.

Trans, non-binary or intersex?

The information on this website has been developed based on guidance and evidence in men. If you are a trans woman, male-assigned non-binary or intersex, some of this information is still relevant to you but your experience may be slightly different. Find out more about trans women and prostate cancer.

Obesity Insulin And Physical Activity

Cancer statistics, 2020

Obesity is linked to advanced and aggressive prostate cancer , and high body mass index is associated with more aggressive disease too and a worse outcome .

The possible explanation is that most of the time obese men present with alteration of circulating levels of metabolic and sex steroid hormones, which are known to be involved in prostate development as well as oncogenesis .

Obesity, particularly when combined with physical inactivity, leads to the development of insulin resistance with reduced glucose uptake. That, in turn, leads to chronically elevated blood levels of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that promotes growth and proliferation, thus is reasonable to add it in the list of risk factors that promote prostate cancer initiation and/or progression . Additionally, adipose cells represent a source of inflammation as well as of macrophages in adipose, which releases inflammatory mediators . Three meta-analyses reported a modest but consistent association between obesity and prostate cancer incidence independently of BMI increase . Data from three national surveys in the US population reported that obesity is associated with more aggressive prostate cancer and higher mortality despite its lower incidence .

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Recommendations For Future Research And Public Health Implications

We hypothesise that the earlier onset of puberty could increase the risk of prostate cancer, particularly of a more aggressive nature, later in life, and could therefore account for the well-known, substantial racial differences in the burden of prostate cancer in the USA. This hypothesis does not imply that other factors do not in some way contribute to the differencesfor example, how access to care and treatment might affect clinical outcomes. Nonetheless, as summarised above, evidence suggests that some of the apparent racial disparities are likely to occur early in life, well before the influences of screening and treatments. More research is needed to corroborate our hypothesis, but the overall coherence of evidence helps to assure its plausibility. Ongoing research on the topic could help provide aetiologic clues to the racial disparity in morbidity and mortality of prostate cancer, and in the developmental origins of prostate cancer in general. It could further guide primary prevention and intervention strategies that convert the window of susceptibility during puberty into an opportunity for future investment in better health outcomes and well-being of the population.

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Other Racial Disparities In Cancer

Although cancer incidence is higher in the White populationwhich may be attributed to an overdiagnosis of breast cancerBlack men had the highest sex-specific incidence, which was 79% higher than Asian and Pacific Islander and 6% higher than White men from 2014 to 2018.Moreover, White women appeared to have the highest incidence of cancer from 2013 to 2018, which was 9% higher than in Black women despite this group having higher mortality by 12%. Interestingly, despite having a 4% lower incidence, Black women have a 41% higher mortality from breast cancer vs White women. Black men share similar disparities in cancer mortality, at more than double the rate of Asian and Pacific Islander patients and 19% higher than White male patients.

Despite the gap in disparities appearing significant, investigators note that Black/White disparities in mortality have decreased from 33% in 1993 to 14% in 2019.

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Latest Prostate Cancer Data

Prostate cancer is the 2nd most commonly occurring cancer in men and the 4th most common cancer overall. There were more than 1.4 million new cases of prostate cancer in 2020.

The 10 countries with the highest rates of prostate cancer and the highest number of deaths from prostate cancer in 2020 are shown in the tables below.

ASR = age-standardised rates. These are a summary measure of the rate of disease that a population would have if it had a standard age structure. Standardisation is necessary when comparing populations that differ with respect to age because age has a powerful influence on the risk of dying from cancer.

What Do The Racial/ethnic Disparities In Prostate Cancer Look Like

Mayo Clinic Explains Prostate Cancer

There are substantial differences in rates of prostate cancer across racial/ethnic groups that represent important disparities in CaP risk and outcomes. Disparities in CaP rates appear at all stages of the continuum of prostate carcinogenesis. Figure 1 shows the ratio of rates between African American and European American men for high-grade prostatic epithelial neoplasia , prevalent CaP , incident CaP, and CaP mortality . At almost every point along the CaP continuum and for most every age group, CaP is more common in AA men than EA men. These data suggest that the disparity may have a biological component, as the disparity is evident even before cancer is usually clinically detected. However, the AA:EA disparity increases in magnitude in clinically detected disease and mortality, suggesting that factors related to exposure, behavior, or access to care are also important factors in CaP disparities. The metrics shown in Table 1 and discussed below similarly reveal a complex picture of CaP disparities.

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Biomarkers In The Context Of As

The effectiveness of observational management may also be enhanced by new innovations such as novel biomarkers in men considering AS. Novel tests such as Prolaris , Oncotype DX Prostate , and Decipher Biopsy analyze genomic patterns in biopsy specimens and can aid in decision making when considering AS versus definitive treatment. However, the underlying data that validates many of these novel biomarkers involve relatively few men of African descent relative to the general population . While there is no evidence to date to suggest that these tests perform differently in AA men compared to CA men, the fact that there may be biologic differences in the cancers in AA compared to CA men, maintains the possibility that these tests may be affected, though this remains to be seen. It is currently an area of increasing research. While these tests can be helpful in AA men, it is important physicians understand their strengths and limitations, and discuss these with their patients.

Cancer Screening Diagnosis And Treatment By Race And Ethnicity

Research shows that the overall rate of cancer screening is lower among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and AIAN populations compared to their White counterparts, but people of color are more likely than White people to receive certain types of screening. Reasons for these variations in screening patterns across different groups are not well understood. Research suggests that outside of health insurance coverage and geographic differences, participation in cancer screening is related to multiple factors, such as provider recommendation, between patients and providers, perceptions of cancer screening, and gender differences in cancer screening behaviors, which may vary across communities.

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