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Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis Survival Rate

Survival Rates And Outlook

Bone Metastases in CRPC: Prognostic for Survival

There is currently no cure for advanced prostate cancer, but advances in treatments are extending life expectancy and improving quality of life.

The ACS states that the 5-year relative survival rate for individuals with prostate cancer that has spread to distant lymph nodes, organs, or the bones is 31% . Therefore, people with this stage of prostate cancer are about 31% as likely as those without the condition to live for at least 5 years after diagnosis.

However, survival rates are only estimates, and everyone is different. The following factors are among those that can affect a personâs outlook:

  • how cancer responds to treatment
  • how far cancer has spread

Ongoing cancer research is also facilitating the development of more effective treatments and leading to improved survival rates.

Here are some answers to questions people often ask about prostate cancer moving to the bones.

Your Cancer Care Team

People with cancer should be cared for by a multidisciplinary team . This is a team of specialists who work together to provide the best care and treatment.

The team often consists of specialist cancer surgeons, oncologists , radiologists, pathologists, radiographers and specialist nurses.

Other members may include physiotherapists, dietitians and occupational therapists. You may also have access to clinical psychology support.

When deciding what treatment is best for you, your doctors will consider:

  • the type and size of the cancer
  • what grade it is
  • whether the cancer has spread to other parts of your body

What Does It Mean To Have A Gleason Score Of 6 Or 7 Or 8

The lowest Gleason Score of a cancer found on a prostate biopsy is 6. These cancers may be called well-differentiated or low-grade and are likely to be less aggressive they tend to grow and spread slowly.

Cancers with Gleason Scores of 8 to 10 may be called poorly differentiated or high grade. These cancers tend to be aggressive, meaning they are likely to grow and spread more quickly.

Cancers with a Gleason Score of 7 may be called moderately differentiated or intermediate grade. The rate at which they grow and spread tends to be in between the other 2.

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What Is A 5

A relative survival rate compares people with the same type and stage of cancer to people in the overall population. For example, if the 5-year relative survival rate for a specific stage of prostate cancer is 90%, it means that men who have that cancer are, on average, about 90% as likely as men who dont have that cancer to live for at least 5 years after being diagnosed.

Survival Of Prostate Cancer

Radiotherapy cannot prolong overall survival of young prostate cancer ...

Survival depends on many factors. No one can tell you exactly how long you will live.

Below are general statistics based on large groups of people. Remember, they cant tell you what will happen in your individual case.

Survival for prostate cancer is generally good, particularly if you are diagnosed early.

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Baus Radical Prostatectomy Audit

The British Association of Urological Surgeons now publishes the results of radical prostatectomy for surgery performed in the UK. Details of the operations performed by each surgeon and centre are given, with information about the technique used, transfusion rates, postoperative complications and length of stay for individual surgeons and units. The responsibility of entering the data, however, lies with the individual surgeons and is not always complete.

For more information and guidance on treatment for prostate cancer as well as radical prostatectomies visit Mr Neil Haldars Top Doctors profile today.

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What Are Next Steps

Bone metastasis have a profound effect on the long-term outlook for prostate cancer. But its important to remember that the numbers are only statistics.

The good news is that life expectancy for advanced prostate cancer continues to increase. New treatments and therapies offer both longer life and better quality of life. Speak to your doctor about your treatment options and long-term outlook.

Everyones cancer experience is different. You may find support through sharing your treatment plan with friends and family. Or you can turn to local community groups or online forums like Male Care for advice and reassurance.

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Treatments To Help Manage Symptoms

Advanced prostate cancer can cause symptoms, such as bone pain. Speak to your doctor or nurse if you have symptoms there are treatments available to help manage them. The treatments above may help to delay or relieve some symptoms. There are also specific treatments to help manage symptoms you may hear these called palliative treatments. They include:

This is the team of health professionals involved in your care. It is likely to include:

  • a specialist nurse
  • other health professionals, such as a dietitian or physiotherapist.

Your MDT will meet to discuss your diagnosis and treatment options. You might not meet all the health professionals straight away.

Your main point of contact might be called your key worker. This is usually your clinical nurse specialist , but might be someone else. The key worker will co-ordinate your care and help you get information and support. You may also have close contact with your GP and the practice nurses at your GP surgery.

Demographic Clinical And Pathologic Features

Bone Metastases and Mortality

Consistent with previous methods of using APV as a prognostic feature, and because of the strong skew and non-normality of the APV distribution, APV was binned into the uppermost quartile of all observed values and then compared with the lower 3 quartiles combined and zero value . Proximal PSA, defined as PSA concentration at the time of diagnosis of metastatic bone disease, was missing in 11% of these records. Data for all other features were complete. For each consecutive time point, the number of patients decreased because of censoring. Patient demographic and clinical data extracted for analysis were as follows: self-reported race , presence of comorbidities, age at first known bone metastasis, proximal PSA, APV values, method of local treatment of the primary tumor , adjuvant therapy and date of death.

Categorical and continuous features included in the models and the proportions of missing data are listed in Tables and . We used Bayes factor analysis to compare the cohorts. BF analysis considers the strength of evidence supporting or contradicting the study hypothesis. The analysis is categorized by the following: BF100 indicates strong supporting evidence for the alternative hypothesis BF< 100 indicates strong supporting evidence for the null hypothesis and BF of approximately 0 indicates no probable difference between the 2 groups .

Table 1 Continuous variables contained within the train and test sets

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Prostate Cancer In Asia

The incidence of prostate cancer in Asian countries has been historically much lower than their Western counterpart, ranging between 4.5 cases per 100,000 persons for South-Central Asia, 10.5 for Eastern Asia and 11.2 for Southeast Asia . Those values could be explained both by a low susceptibility of Asian men to prostate cancer and the lack of a systematic screening program. However, there is evidence that these figures are increasing in several countries . A review by Ha Chung et al., showed a general increase in prostate cancer incidence across China, India, South Korea, Vietnam, Japan, and Singapore . These figures were supported by data from GLOBOCAN 2008 and 2012 . Sim and Cheng noted that in some centres in Japan, the incidence rate rose from 6.3 to 12.7 between 1978 and 1997, while the incidence rates in Singaporean Chinese men increased to 118% within the same period . The lowest incidence reported in Asia was in Shanghai whereas the highest was in the Rizal Province in the Philippines. shows the differences in incidence and mortality across Asia. Studies have also shown that Asian Men living in the United States develop higher risk of prostate cancer than their counterparts living in Asia suggesting that change in lifestyle, and probabaly increased screening, could be the major contributors .

Prognosis And Survival For Prostate Cancer

If you have prostate cancer, you may have questions about your prognosis. A prognosis is the doctors best estimate of how cancer will affect someone and how it will respond to treatment. Prognosis and survival depend on many factors. Only a doctor familiar with your medical history, the type and stage and other features of the cancer, the treatments chosen and the response to treatment can put all of this information together with survival statistics to arrive at a prognosis.

A prognostic factor is an aspect of the cancer or a characteristic of the person that the doctor will consider when making a prognosis. A predictive factor influences how a cancer will respond to a certain treatment. Prognostic and predictive factors are often discussed together. They both play a part in deciding on a treatment plan and a prognosis.

The following are prognostic and predictive factors for prostate cancer.

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Determining The Stage Of Your Prostate Cancer

Using the results of your tests, your doctor will calculate a score based on four main components. Namely your: 1) PSA level, 2) Gleason score , 3) T-stage and 4) whether the cancer has metastasized. The information below breaks down each component so you have a better understanding of what your results mean and where they land in the spectrum of cancer prognoses.

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Treatments To Control And Prevent Symptoms Caused By The Spread Of Prostate Cancer To The Bones

[PDF] Impact of the Site of Metastases on Survival in Patients with ...

Palliative External beam radiotherapy

Radiopharmaceuticals: Strontium-89 , samarium-153

Radium-223 dichloride is now licensed and called Xofigo. This is not widely available in the UK but BPC is one of a relatively small number of specialist centres using this treatment.

Zolidronic acid is a bisphosphonate given by a 15-minute intravenous infusion every 34 weeks. It reduces the risk of bone complications, including pain and fractures.

Xgeva : this is a newly licensed drug available at BPC.

Pain medications

Surgery may be undertaken to treat bone fractures or to relieve the pressure on the spinal cord by bone metastases.

*https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/prostate-cancer/survival

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Types Of Bone Metastases

Normally your bones are constantly changing. New bone tissue is being formed and old bone tissue is breaking down into minerals that circulate in your blood. This process is called remodeling.

Cancer cells upset the normal process of bone remodeling, causing bones to become weak or too dense, depending on the type of bone cells affected.

Your bone metastases may be:

  • osteoblastic, if there are too many new bone cells
  • osteolytic, if too much bone is destroyed

In some cases, your bones may have both types of metastases.

Survival Rates For Prostate Cancer

Survival rates can give you an idea of what percentage of people with the same type and stage of cancer are still alive a certain amount of time after they were diagnosed. These rates cant tell you how long you will live, but they may help give you a better understanding of how likely it is that your treatment will be successful.

Keep in mind that survival rates are estimates and are often based on previous outcomes of large numbers of people who had a specific cancer, but they cant predict what will happen in any particular persons case. These statistics can be confusing and may lead you to have more questions. Ask your doctor, who is familiar with your situation, how these numbers may apply to you.

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Metastatic Spread In Prostate Cancer Patients Influencing Radiotherapy Response

  • 1National Center for Tumor Diseases , Dresden, Germany
  • 2German Cancer Research Center , Heidelberg, Germany
  • 3Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
  • 4Helmholtz-Zentrum DresdenRossendorf , Dresden,Germany
  • 5Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

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How We Treat Prostate Cancer

Bone Metastasis At Diagnosis Predicts Early Prostate Cancer Mortality

The prognosis for metastatic prostate cancer can be discouraging, but some treatment centerslike the Johns Hopkins Precision Medicine Center of Excellence for Prostate Cancerspecialize in innovative, individualized therapy with the potential to improve outcomes.

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Psa Levels After Treatment

A continuous rise in your PSA level can be the first sign that your cancer has come back. This should be picked up by your regular PSA tests.

The exact change in PSA level that suggests your cancer has come back will depend on which treatment you had. Speak to your doctor or nurse about your own situation.

Your PSA level should drop so low that its not possible to detect it at six to eight weeks after surgery. This is because the prostate, which produces PSA, has been removed. A rise in your PSA level may suggest that you still have some prostate cancer cells.

After radiotherapy or brachytherapy, your PSA should drop to its lowest level after 18 months to two years. Your PSA level wont fall to zero as your healthy prostate cells will continue to produce some PSA.

Your PSA level may actually rise after radiotherapy treatment, and then fall again. This is called PSA bounce. It could happen up to three years after treatment. It is normal, and doesnt mean that the cancer has come back.

If your PSA level rises by 2 ng/ml or more above its lowest level, this could be a sign that your cancer has come back. Your doctor will continue to check your PSA level and will talk to you about further tests and treatment options.

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Definition Of Patient Outcomes And Evaluation Metrics

The relatively long survival time and low mortality rate of localized prostate cancer pose a great challenge in risk estimation. To get a more accurate disease prognosis evaluation over a shorter and practical timescale, we define a composite outcome as our event of interest:

  • Metastatic diseases

  • Prostate cancer mortality.

The event time is the earliest date of any of these three events. The censoring time is 1 year after the last PSA test. In cases where patients died of other causes before censoring, the censoring time instead is the time of death.

For better insight into the model performances over time, we calculate the time-dependent concordance-index \\):

Here, \\) is the cumulative distribution function at time t, given input feature \. To account for the high censoring ratio, we adjust \\) with the inverse probability of censoring weights. Additionally, we test our models against the more conventional outcome, namely, prostate cancer mortality. In this study, we set the truncation time t to be 2, 5, and 10 years after diagnosis.

Depending if the input \ is time-dependent, we employ two DL models, RDSM and Deep Survival Machine . As a benchmark, we also consider two popular machine learning models, Random Survival Forest and Gradient Boosting Machine , along with the classical Cox model,,,. All three benchmark models are implemented using the scikit-survival package.

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New Strategies Against Bone Metastases From Prostate Cancer

Date:
University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus
Summary:
A study suggests a new approach, or, possibly two new approaches against prostate cancer bone metastases: While targeted therapies and anti-cancer immunotherapies have not been especially successful against primary prostate cancers, the study suggests that both these approaches may be effective against the bone metastases that grow from primary prostate cancers, and, in fact, the type of bone metastasis may dictate which targeted therapies and immunotherapies work best.

When prostate cancer spreads, it most often spreads to bone. And while the 5-year survival rate for prostate cancer that has not spread is nearly 100 percent, once the disease reaches bone, the 5-year survival rate is only 29 percent. Now a University of Colorado Cancer Center study published in the Journal for Immunotherapy of Cancer suggests a new approach, or, possibly two new approaches against these bone metastases: While targeted therapies and anti-cancer immunotherapies have not been especially successful against primary prostate cancers, the study suggests that both these approaches may be effective against the bone metastases that grow from primary prostate cancers, and, in fact, the type of bone metastasis may dictate which targeted therapies and immunotherapies work best.

The group is now focused on testing therapies in mouse models of lytic and blastic bone metastases to determine the most promising drugs and drug combinations.

Prostate Cancer Survival Trends Over Time

Podium 58: Wednesday, May 18, 2011: 1:00 PM

As with most cancers, survival for prostate cancer is improving. However, interpretation of prostate cancer survival trends is difficult as the case-mix on which they are based is likely to have changed over time with earlier diagnoses following the advent of TURP and PSA testing. The detection of a greater proportion of latent, earlier, slow-growing tumours in more recent time periods will have the effect of raising survival rates due to lead-time bias . Lead-time bias for prostate cancer is estimated to be between five and 12 years, varying with a mans age at screening. Data from the European Randomized Study of Prostate Cancer estimates that for a single screening test, mean lead times are 12 years at age 55 and six years at age 75. Some of the increase may also be attributed to genuine improvements in survival due to more effective treatment, for both early, aggressive prostate cancers and advanced cases.

One-year age-standardised net survival for prostate cancer has increased from 66% during 1971-1972 to 94% during 2010-2011 in England and Wales an absolute survival difference of 28 percentage points.

Prostate Cancer , Age-Standardised One-Year Net Survival, Men , England and Wales, 1971-2011

Prostate Cancer , Age-Standardised Five-Year Net Survival, Men , England and Wales, 1971-2011

Prostate Cancer , Age-Standardised Ten-Year Net Survival, Men , England and Wales, 1971-2011

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